从薛瑄诗歌的主体意识看明初理学对诗歌创作影响的复杂性

The Subject Consciousness of Xue Xuan's Poems——the Influence of Confucianism on Poetry Creation in the Early Ming Dynasty

以往研究多强调明初理学“存理灭欲”对诗歌发展的消极影响,而理学关注人的主体意识的一面被忽视。明代理学家薛瑄的诗歌重视自我表达、开拓个人精神世界、书写自我性情趣味,他将主体的审美意趣与客观的物象相互渗透,形成一种有情、有我、有悟的“曾点气象”,从而发扬了理学本身所倡导的主体意识和自得之趣,为诗歌创作找到一条兼容理学精神与文学趣味的路径。明代诗歌没有停滞于台阁体的呆板纤弱之途,走向了关注主体自我,重视个性表达的符合明代文学未来发展方向的道路。

Previous studies have mostly emphasized the negative influence of Neo-Confucianism on the development of poetry in the early Ming Dynasty,while Neo-Confucianism which focused on the subjective consciousness of human beings was ignored.Under the wave of the officialization of Neo-Confucianism in the early Ming Dynasty,Xue Xuan's poems emphasized self-expression,opening up the personal spiritual world,and writing his self-interest.He allowed the subject’s aesthetic interest permeating in the objective objects,forming a kind of sentimental,self,and enlightened"experienced atmosphere",which carried forward the subject consciousness and self-satisfaction advocated by Neo-Confucianism itself,and found a way incorporating the spirit of Neo-Confucianism in the taste of literature in poetry creation.The poetry at that time did not stay in the rigid and weak style,but moved to focus on the subject's self and emphasize individual expression.