义素析出视角下的“大+指人名词”结构研究

On the"Da(大)+Personal Noun Construction":A Morphological Analysis

“大教授”“重大嫌疑人”等结构中,有义素从中心语的词义、语素义中析出并参与定中关系的建构,本文将这种现象称为“义素析出”。义素的析出是以语法组合为前提的,语法与语义关系不一致是激发义素析出的根本原因,析出义素是定语与中心语组合的语义基础。实际上,“大”修饰的是“教授”的析出义素[+学术成就],“大教授”指学术成就很大的教授;“重大”修饰的是“嫌疑人”的析出义素[+犯罪嫌疑],“重大嫌疑人”指有很大犯罪嫌疑的人。析出义素是沟通“大+指人名词”结构语法与语义的桥梁。

In the structures such as"Da Jiaoshou(大教授)"and"Zhongda Xianyiren(重大嫌疑人)",morpheme could separate out from personal nouns while participating in the construct of attribute-center compounds,which we call“morpheme precipitation”.Based on grammatical combinations,the inconsistency between grammar and semantics leads to the precipitation and the precipitated morpheme is the semantic foundation of attribute-center compounds.In the compound of"Da Jiaoshou(大教授)","Da"modifies the precipitated morpheme[+academic achievement],"Da Jiaoshou(大教授)"means a professor with great academic achievements;in the compound of"Zhongda Xianyiren(重大嫌疑人)","Zhongda"modifies the precipitated morpheme[+criminal suspect],"Zhongda Xianyiren(重大嫌疑人)"means a person with great suspicion.Precipitated morphemes link up grammar and semantics.