射日:太平洋战争前美日海权冲突及美国海军对日备战

Sea Power Conflict between America and Japan and America's War Preparation Against Japan

19世纪末至20世纪初,美日海权在太平洋上发生了激烈碰撞。随着美日海权角逐的激烈化,双方海军的军备竞赛也不断升级。在此过程中,美国海军形成了清晰的战略思路,即以日本为假想敌,加强海军整建、舰队演习及战略调整。第二次世界大战爆发后,面临纳粹攻势,美国全球战略虽然调整为“先德后日”,但对日本的备战却从未停止。然而就在战争前夕,美国的战略调整及形势预判出现了重大失误,这导致美国面对日本的最初攻势难以招架。尽管如此,半个世纪之久的战略筹谋及军备积累仍为美国最终夺取太平洋战争的胜利奠定了坚实基础。

From the late 19 th century to early 20 th century, the sea power of the United States and Japan clashed on the Pacific theater fiercely. As the confliction went intense, the naval arm race aggravated rapidly. During this period, aiming at the goal of defeating Japan, the U.S. navy formed a clear strategy of which the core is to build a formidable navy and to adjust the naval strategy.When the Second World War broke out, under the threat of Nazi Germany, the global strategy of the U.S. was changed. Although it took Germany instead of Japan as its top enemy, it never pulse the war preparation against the latter one. However, right at the eve of the Pacific War, fatal mistakes was made in America’s anticipation of the situation and the strategic adjustment, which lead to a catastrophic consequence that not alone the Pearl Harbor was bombed, but the U.S. navy lost its critical opportunity at the very first phase of the war. Nevertheless, based upon the accumulation the naval armament and the strategic conceivement of the last half century, the U.S.had already founded a concrete foundation of its final victory against Japan.