新时期下基于现况调查的《传染病防治法》修改建议

Discussion on the amendment of Law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of infectious diseases based on current situation investigation in the new era

目的:了解《传染病防治法》的认知现况和修改建议,为新时期新形势下修订《传染病防治法》提供调查依据和数据参考。方法:采用线上问卷调查,对16727名人员开展《传染病防治法》总体认知和修改建议的调查。结果:99%的调查对象认为传染病疫情防控主要依据为《传染病防治法》,97.79%的调查对象了解《传染病防治法》,85.01%的调查对象认为《传染病防治法》需要进行完善修订,尤其是疫情监测与预警制度方面。在《传染防治法》立法目的调查中,调查对象认为除了保障人体健康、公共卫生外,还应包括“社会安定、国家安全、健康中国、生物安全”。另外从传染病防控中的疫情防控/应急处置/医防融合、传染病防治保障措施及法律责任、传染病防治法律法规培训3个层面收集了修改建议。结论:通过明确《传染病防治法》的重要作用和法律定位,增加启动传染病疫情防控应急处置程序的特定情形,构建医防融合体系,完善重大传染病疫情防控保障制度,细化公民在传染病疫情防控中的权利和义务,加大传染病防控相关法律法规培训,可提高新时期新形势下传染病的依法防控能力。

Objective:The purpose of this paper is to understand the current situation of cognition and suggestions for revision of Law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of infectious diseases,so as to provide investigation basis and data reference for revising the law of prevention and control of infectious diseases in the new era and situation.Methods:From April to June 2020,16727 people from 31 provinces,autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government(excluding Taiwan,Hong Kong and Macao)were investigated with online questionnaire on the overall cognition and suggestions for amendment of the law.Results:The survey found that the main basis for the prevention and control of infectious diseases was Law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of infectious diseases(99%),97.79%of the respondents knew the law,and 85.01%of the respondents thought that the law needed to be improved and revised,especially the epidemic monitoring and early warning system(89.71%).This study also collected suggestions for revision from the following three aspects:epidemic prevention and control/emergency response/integration of medical prevention and control,safeguard measures and legal responsibilities of infectious disease prevention and control,and training of laws and regulations on infectious disease prevention and control.Conclusions:By clarifying the important role and legal orientation of Law of the People's Republic of China on prevention and control of infectious diseases,increasing the specific circumstances of initiating emergency response procedures for epidemic prevention and control of infectious diseases,building a medical prevention integration system,improving the security system for major infectious disease epidemic prevention and control,refining the rights and obligations of citizens in the prevention and control of infectious diseases,and increasing the training of laws and regulations related to infectious disease prevention and control,we can improve the new situation in the new period The ability to prevent and control infectious diseases according to law.