基于人口分散度的农村生活污水处理模式选择

Choice of Rural Domestic Sewage Treatment Mode Based on Dispersion Degree of Rural Resident

农村生活污水治理是改善农村人居环境、推进乡村振兴战略实施的重要环节。针对目前农村生活污水处理模式(集中式、相对集中式、分散式)选择时存在盲目性、缺乏科学性等关键瓶颈问题,首次提出了农村人口居住分散度(Dr)理论,利用人口居住离散距离、区域最大人口密度等参数建立了人口分散度Dr计算模型,并以行政区域为分级单元,确立了基于人口分散度的农村生活污水处理模式选择方法和适用范围。同时,进一步以上海崇明区S镇为应用案例,经计算S镇乡镇级、村级和村民小队级Dr分别为3. 63、2. 00~5. 13和7. 92,结合集中处理Dr经验值和工程分析,最终确定S镇不宜采用全镇集中式生活污水处理模式,应以村或村民小队为单元选择相对集中式或分散式处理。

Domestic sewage treatment in rural areas is an important part to improve rural living environment and promote implementation of rural revitalization strategy.Aiming at the current key bottleneck problem such as blindness and lack of scientificity existed in selection of rural domestic sewage treatment mode(i.e.,centralized,relatively centralized and decentralized),a theory of dispersion degree of rural resident(Dr)was proposed for the first time.The theory constructed a Drcalculation model by using some parameters such as the resident population dispersion distance and the maximum population density,and it established a Dr-based method for choosing the treatment mode of rural domestic sewage and defining its application range by using administrative region as a hierarchical unit.Meanwhile,the Drof S town in Chongming District,Shanghai,at town level,village level and group level were calculated to be 3.63,2.00-5.13 and 7.92,respectively.Combined with the experience value of centralized treatment Drand engineering analysis,it was eventually determined that S town was not suitable to adopt the centralized domestic sewage treatment mode in the whole town,while relatively centralized or decentralized treatment should be adopted at the village level or group level.