长江流域中稻产量和品质性状差异与其生育期气象因子的相关性

Correlation between the differences in yield and quality traits among various types of middle rice and meteorological factors during growth period in the Yangtze River basin

为了探讨在不同光温条件下水稻品种产量和品质的响应特点,利用长江流域中稻区多样的气候条件,2017年和2018年分别在长江流域中稻区9个省(市)设立10个和11个试验点,选择各地区代表性品种8~9个,共18个品种,进行大田分期播种试验,以当地最适播种期为基准,前后共分3期播种,分析供试水稻产量和品质的变化,并记录同期的气象特征。结果表明:所有试验点2年3期分期播种水稻品种的光温特征可以分为3个区域,即高温高光照区(长江流域中部)、低温低光照区(长江流域西部)以及中温中光照区(长江流域东部);产量高低顺序为低温低光照区(长江流域西部)>中温中光照区(长江流域东部)>高温高光照区(长江流域中部),精米率为中温中光照区(长江流域东部)>低温低光照区(长江流域西部)>高温高光照区(长江流域中部),垩白粒率和蛋白质含量均为高温高光照区(长江流域中部)>中温中光照区(长江流域东部)>低温低光照区(长江流域西部),直链淀粉含量为低温低光照区(长江流域西部)>高温高光照区(长江流域中部)>中温中光照区(长江流域东部),胶稠度为中温中光照区(长江流域东部)>高温高光照区(长江流域中部)>低温低光照区(长江流域西部),糊化温度区域间差别不大。相关分析结果显示,齐穗后光、温分别与产量和品质均显著相关(P<0.05),在长江流域中稻区,选择适宜的品种,参照长江流域中部“双减”(齐穗后20 d内的平均温度不超过31℃,日照时数不超过160 h)、长江流域东部“一减(温)一增(光)”(齐穗后平均温度不超过29℃,日照时数不少于90 h)以及长江流域西部“双增”(平均温度不低于20℃,日照时数不少于110 h)等温光原则,均可以种植出高产与优质协调的稻米。

Response characteristics of yield and quality to different air temperature and light conditions were investigated in this study.A comparative experiment was carried out by using total 18 medium rice varieties as materials under field conditions to study the differences in yield and quality traits under diverse climatic conditions in the Yangtze River basin.The study was conducted in 10 and 11 sites of nine provinces during 2017 and 2018.The sowing times were set for three groups,divided into three periods before and after the local optimum sowing time.Furthermore,the correlation analysis between rice yield/quality characters and temperature/light condition during the growth periods was studied.The results showed that the light/temperature characteristics of the test sites including three sowing stages could be divided into three areas including high temperature and high light area(HTHLA,main in the middle part of the Yangtze River basin),low temperature and low light area(LTLLA,main in the west part of the Yangtze River basin)and middle temperature and middle light area(MTMLA,main in the east part of the Yangtze River basin).The changes of yield and quality traits in different regions also showed regional characteristics.For yield,it was shown as LTLLA>MTMLA>HTHLA.For quality traits,different traits showed different performance.The milled rice rate was shown as MTMLA>LTLLA>HTHLA.Both the chalkiness rate and protein content were as HTHLA>MTMLA>LTLLA.Amylose content was LTLLA>HTHLA>MTMLA.The gel consistency was MTMLA>HTHLA>LTLLA.Gelatinization temperature among areas was no significant difference.Correlation analysis showed that the light and temperature after full heading were significantly correlated with yield and quality characteristics(P<0.05).In whole,choosing suitable varieties according to the conditions within 20 days after headingthe average temperature is no more than 31℃and sunshine hours are no more than 160 h in the middle part,the average temperature is no more than 29℃and sunshine hours are no less than 90 h in the east part,and the average temperature is no less than 20℃and sunshine hours are no less than 110 h in the west part,the rice varieties with high yield and good quality can be planted in all the areas of Yangtze River basin.