气象因子对饲用油菜越冬性及产量和品质的影响

Effects of meteorological factors on overwintering ability,yield and quality of forage rape

选用白菜型和甘蓝型品种,探究气象因子对华北平原油菜越冬性及饲用产量和品质的调控效应。结果表明,白菜型品种生育期比甘蓝型品种缩短10~15 d,越冬率提高50.6%,冬后密度增加41.5%。白菜型品种鲜饲料产量(FFY)和干饲料产量(DFY)比甘蓝型品种分别显著提高40.9%和38.1%;但甘蓝型品种饲用品质显著优于白菜型,与白菜型品种相比甘蓝型品种粗蛋白质(CP)、脂肪、灰分和总脂肪酸(TFA)含量分别提高27.6%、42.9%、23.9%和52.3%,牛奶生产力(HM)、相对饲用价值(RFV)和相对饲料品质(RFQ)分别提高14.0%、16.2%和42.1%。越冬前光热资源提高了油菜越冬率和冬后密度(P<0.05),与FFY和DFY呈正相关关系(P>0.05);但越冬期温度越低,油菜越冬率越低(P<0.01),越冬期和返青后光热资源与FFY和DFY呈负相关性(P>0.05)。油菜粗蛋白质、脂肪和总脂肪酸含量与越冬前温度和日照时数呈极显著负相关关系,而与越冬期和返青后温度以及越冬期日照时数呈极显著正相关关系;HM与越冬期温度、日照时数和降雨量均呈极显著正相关关系,RFV和RFQ仅与越冬期最高温度和降雨量呈极显著正相关。总之,华北平原秋播饲用油菜种植中,从提高越冬率考虑应以白菜型品种为主,从饲用品质考虑应以甘蓝型品种为主,综合考虑华北平原秋播饲用油菜可选用甘蓝型品种华油杂62。

In order to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on overwintering ability,forage yield and quality of rape in the North China Plain,Brassica rapa L.and B.napus L.were used in this study.The results showed that compared with B.napus L.,the growth period of B.rapa L.was shortened by 10-15 d,overwintering rate(WR)was increased by 50.6%,and density(PD)after winter was increased by 41.5%.Moreover,the fresh forage yield(FFY)and dry forage yield(DFY)of B.rapa L.were increased by 40.9%and 38.1%.The forage quality of B.napus L.was significantly better than that of B.rapa L.Compared with B.rapa L.,the contents of crude protein(CP),fat,ash and total fatty acid(TFA)in B.napus L.were increased by 27.6%,42.9%,23.9%and 52.3%,respectively,and milk productivity(HM),relative forage value(RFV)and relative forage quality(RFQ)increased by 14.0%,16.2%and 42.1%.The light and heat resources before overwintering increased the WR and PD,and were positively correlated with FFY and DFY(P>0.05).With the decrease of temperature in overwintering period,the WR decreased significantly.And the light and heat resources during the overwintering period and after regreening were negatively correlated with FFY and DFY.The contents of CP,fat and TFA were negatively correlated with temperature and SH before overwintering,and positively correlated with temperature during the overwintering period and after regreening and sunshine hours during the overwintering period.The HM was significantly positively correlated with temperature,SH and rainfall during overwintering period,while RFV and RFQ were significantly positively correlated with maximum temperature and rainfall.In conclusion,the B.rapa L.overwintering rate,and B.napus L.has better forage quality.Taken together,HYZ62 could be selected for autumn sowing in North China Plain.