文理科生批判性思维倾向的差异比较——基于桂林某高校的调查研究

A Study on the Comparison of Critical Thinking Tendency of Liberal Arts and Science Students:Based on the Investigation of a University in Guilin

批判性思维是创新型人才的重要特征,对其展开研究既是教育领域的重要课题,也是完善人才培养机制的客观需要。采用《批判性思维倾向量表(中文修订版)》(CTDI-CV)对桂林某高校7个学科门类共638名学生进行测量研究,结果显示:全体被试学生的批判性思维并未达到积极倾向,其中尤以寻求真理与认知成熟度两个维度表现欠佳;理工类学生批判性思维倾向多个维度的表现优于社科类学生,且呈现显著性差异;不同学科门类的学生之间批判性思维各维度发展存在差别。这启示我们,对批判性思维的培养应着力于发展性评价的构建、教师教育理念的匡正、对批判性思维“求真”“反思”精神的精确理解,以及谋求批判性思维与学科知识的密切联结。

The innovative talents are mostly characterized by their critical thinking,the study of which is not only an important topic in the field of education,but also an objective requirement for the improvement of the talent training mechanism.CTDI-CV was used to measure a total of 638 students from seven disciplines in an university in Guilin.The results showed that all the subjects did not have a positive tendency in critical thinking,especially in the two dimensions of truth seeking and cognitive maturity.The performance of science and engineering students in multiple dimensions of critical thinking tendency was better than that of social science students with significant differences.There are obvious differences in the development of critical thinking in different dimensions among students of varying disciplines.This enlightens us that the cultivation of critical thinking should be focused on the construction of developmental evaluation,the reconstructing of teachers’education concept,the accurate understanding of the truth-seeking and reflective spirit of critical thinking,as well as the close connection between critical thinking and subject knowledge.