农民工回流务工区位研究——以河南省45个村为例

Work location choice of returnee migrant workers:Case study of 45 villages in Henan Province

回流已成为中国农民工流动的重要趋势,未来将重塑农村人口流动的空间格局。论文基于901份田野调查数据,采用描述性统计和多元Logistic回归方法,对农民工回流务工区位及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明:农民工回流后务工区位选择主要以县城为主,其次为村庄,中心城区和集镇较少。省外回流和省内回流是农民工回流的基本形式,但二者在务工区位选择上存在一定差异。回流务工区位以本属区位为主,但也存在少量非本属区位。影响回流农民工务工区位选择的显著性因子主要包括年龄、居住区位、村人均收入、村务工比、村地形、前务工地类和回流源地等。农民工回流后,虽然整体上解决了跨区域的长距离奔波问题,但仍在更小的空间尺度上继续存在务工和务家的平衡问题,距离在回流务工区位选择中具有重要作用。居住区位与务工区位具有对等性,社区内部的信息交流影响着回流者对务工收益的评价,成为务工区位决策的重要机制。在回流务工区位选择上,存在路径依赖现象。县城应成为农区新型城镇化发展的重点和主要载体。

Returning to the area of origin has become an important trend of migrant worker decision in China,and it will reshape the spatial pattern of rural population mobility in the future.Based on the data from field survey of 901 returnee migrant workers,descriptive statistics and multiple logistic regression methods were used to examine the work location choice of the returnee migrant workers and influencing factors.The results show that after the return of migrant workers,the choice of work location is mainly in county seats,followed by villages,and fewer returnees chose central urban areas and towns.Inter-and intra-provincial flows are the basic forms of return for migrant workers,but there are some differences between these two groups of returnees.The work locations of returnees are mainly in the local areas of their origin,but there are also a few who chose nonlocal locations.The significant factors influencing the choice of the work location for returnees mainly include age,residential location,village per capita income,village employment ratio,village topography,former work place types,and return source areas.After the return of migrant workers,although the problem of long-distance travel across regions has been solved,the issue of balancing between work and family care still exists at a smaller spatial scale.Distance plays an important role in the return location choice of migrant workers.The location of residence is often also the location of work.The exchange of information within the community affects the returnees’evaluation on the benefits of work.It has become an important mechanism for the decision of the migrant workers.Path dependence is a common phenomenon in the choice of work location for the returnee migrant workers.County seats should become the focus and main carrier of the new urbanization development in the rural areas.