经颅磁刺激电场分析研究进展

Electric Field Analysis Progress of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation Device

经颅磁刺激是一种利用通电线圈在脑部的诱发电场来调节皮质兴奋性的技术,广泛应用于神经病学、康复学等领域。经颅磁刺激诱发电场分析与安全性、刺激效果密切相关,在优化刺激方案、线圈设计方面具有重要意义,成为相关领域的研究重点。首先介绍经颅磁刺激3种常见的临床副作用,然后阐述经颅磁刺激现有研究中的常规电场分析方法,包括解析法和数值分析法及其应用场景,并讨论与电场分析密切相关的生物模型建模方法。此外,由于磁刺激线圈与组织中电场分布的密切相关性,介绍常规的刺激线圈结构类型,并结合磁刺激线圈的7种典型设计,分析基于有限元分析的球模型下的电场分布特征。最后,展望经颅磁刺激电场分析研究未来的发展趋势。

Transcranial magnetic stimulation(TMS) is a cortical regulation technique that utilizes the induced electric field in brain resulting from the stimulation current.The technique is now widely applied in the treatment of neurology,rehabilitation science,etc.Analysis of electric field induced by TMS has been a hot spot and has play an important role in TMS related safety issues and stimulation effect.It’s also necessary in stimulation scheme optimization and coil design.In this paper,we firstly introduced regular clinical side effects of TMS, and summarized the conventional electric field analysis methods in the current TMS research.Numerical methods and analytical methods that have been applied in TMS electric analysis were included along with their application scenarios,followed by the discussion of physiological modeling methods in TMS.In addition,due to the close relationship between the magnetic stimulation coil and the electric field distribution in brain tissue, this paper introduced several critical structures of TMS coil.Electric field distribution characteristics of several typical designs of the magnetic stimulation coil were simulated and analyzed with the spherical model based on finite element analysis software.In the end,the future development tendency of TMS electric field analysis was prospected.