并非只为试验:重新审视试点的功能与价值

Not Only for Experimentation:Re-examine the Function and Value of Chinese Policy Pilots

在全面深化改革的新时代,政策试点承载了新的历史使命,也呈现出了新的实践样态。当前,政策试点的试验环节、运行模式与制度特征等内容与改革初期相比已大不相同,从而需要我们去重新审视政策试点的功能与价值,推动试点研究的内容完善与知识更新。本文根据“政策后果的不确定性”和“政策工具的不确切性”两个维度的政策情境对试点目标进行重新审视,区分出了“试对”、“试错”、“示范”和“深化”四种不同的试点类型,分析它们的内涵、特点并结合历史实践进行阐释。在充分考察我国基于试验的改革过程的基础上,反思试点方法的功能、局限性以及未来试点制度该何去何从的问题。

The new era of comprehensively deepening reforms have updated the historical mission and practical form of policy pilots,making its experimental links,operating modes,and system features quite different from the initial reform.It forces us to re-understand the function and value of policy pilots and promote its knowledge updates.This article builds four types of policy pilots on the two dimensions,the certainty of the policy consequences and the accuracy of the policy tools,and make a detailed explanation of these connotation,characteristics and policy practices.On the basis of a more thorough grasp of China’s reform,we reflect on the limitations of policy pilots and what to do in the future.