介孔分子筛制备技术新进展——二次合成、超分子自组装和介孔生成剂法

Recent Advances in the Synthesis of Mesoporous Zeolites by Post-synthetic Method,Supramolecular Self-assembly and Mesopore Generation Agent

具有内部介孔结构的多级孔分子筛兼具微孔分子筛和介孔材料的功能,拥有良好的传质和催化特性.在过去的几十年内,介孔分子筛在催化、吸附和分离领域发展迅速.近年来,新型合成方法的开发在很大程度上实现了介孔分子筛孔道结构、组分及形貌灵活可控的调节.本综述讨论了近期出现的多种新合成路径,重点介绍了近期发展起来的二次合成制备低硅/铝介孔分子筛、超分子自组装合成介孔分子筛及有机小分子原位合成介孔分子筛技术.对这些合成技术的机理进行了讨论,以期为介孔分子筛未来的发展提供思路.文章的最后还讨论了不同的合成策略所面临的一些关键性挑战.

Hierarchical zeolites with intracrystalline mesopores exhibit the characteristic features of micropo⁃rous zeolites and mesoporous materials,offering improved mass transport property and catalytic performance for zeolite materials.Development of mesoporous zeolites for catalysis,adsorption and separation has been sig⁃nificantly advanced in the past decades.In particular,several new synthesis strategies have been invented,which provided a wide range of flexibility and turnability to control the mesoporosity,composition and morphology of mesoporous zeolites.In the short review,we focus on the recent advances in different synthesis strate⁃gies.Particular emphasis is given to the recently developed post-synthetic methods for the synthesis of low Si/Al ratio mesoporous zeolites,synthesis of mesoporous zeolites by supramolecular self-assembly and in situ synthesis of mesoporous zeolites using small organic molecules.The formation mechanisms associated with the synthesis approaches are discussed in order to provide insights into future development of mesoporous zeolites.At the end of this review,we discuss some critical challenges regarding the synthesis of mesoporous zeolites using the different synthesis strategies.