分子筛材料在小分子吸附分离中的应用

Small Molecule Adsorption and Separation on Zeolites

吸附分离技术与工艺在工业上具有重要意义.常见的吸附剂包括沸石分子筛、金属有机框架材料、活性炭等材料.分子筛具有比表面积大、稳定性高、生产成本低等优势,可以满足吸附分离技术中高效、节能和环保的需求,是一种非常有应用前景的小分子混合物分离吸附剂.本文综合评述了吸附分离领域中常用的吸附剂材料的特点和吸附分离机理与评价方法,总结了分子筛在空气分离、烃类分离、二氧化碳吸附、芳香硫化物脱除、一氧化碳吸附、氮氧化物吸附、氢气储存吸附及氢同位素分离等领域的应用,并对基于分子筛膜的小分子混合物分离现状进行了介绍.此外,本文还系统分析了分子筛对不同混合物的吸附分离性能与其拓扑结构、骨架组成及改性方法之间的关系,并对未来的研究前景进行了展望.

Adsorptive separation,the process of separating and purifying a gas mixture via the selective ad⁃sorption of one or more components on a porous solid adsorbent,is of great significance in industry.Zeolites,metal-organic framework materials and activated carbon are known as common solid adsorbents.Zeolites show significant advantages such as high specific surface area,high stability and low production cost to satisfy the requirements of highly efficient,energy-saving and environmentally friendly adsorptive separation processes.Therefore,zeolites have been established as most promising adsorbents for the separation of small molecules.In this review article,the existing materials,the fundamental mechanisms and the evaluation methods in ad⁃sorptive separation are firstly outlined.The applications of zeolites in air separation,hydrocarbon separation,carbon dioxide capture,aromatic sulfide removal,carbon monoxide adsorption,nitrogen oxides adsorption,hydrogen storage and hydrogen isotope separation are then summarized.Finally,the current status of small molecule separation based on zeolite membranes are briefly discussed.The relationship between the adsorption performance and the topology,framework composition,and modification methods of zeolites are focused,and the future research prospects are discussed on the basis of current achievements.