燃料电池用高温质子交换膜的研究进展

Research progress of high temperature proton exchange membranes applied in fuel cells

燃料电池是一种高效的清洁能源技术,可缓解当今社会面临的能源和环境问题。质子交换膜燃料电池是一种重要的燃料电池类型,质子交换膜是其关键组件,起到传导质子、隔绝电子和阴阳两极的反应物的作用。质子交换膜燃料电池在低温下存在许多难以解决的问题,升高工作温度可以解决这些问题。因此需要开发高温低湿度下工作的膜材料。本文综述了高温质子交换膜的主要类型、制备与改性方法和质子传导机制,指出质子导体掺杂的聚苯并咪唑(PBI)类膜材料在高温低湿度下作为质子交换膜适用的巨大潜力,并探讨了复合PBI高温质子交换膜的制备、掺杂的质子导体类型和性能提升方法。最后本文归纳了高温质子交换膜面临的挑战,并指出了该类材料未来的研究方向,如设计合成新型质子导体、改善PBI抗氧化稳定性、调控膜微观结构来提升性能和开发新型聚合物电解质。

The fuel cell technology is a highly-efficient clean energy technology which can alleviate the power and environmental problems.Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC)is an important type of fuel cell,of which proton exchange membrane is the key component which is proton-conductive and electron-insulating.Elevation of the working temperature of PEMFCs can solve the intractable issues for low-temperature PEMFCs.Therefore,proton exchange membrane materials which can work under high temperature and low relative humidity are required.The main types,preparation and modification methods,and proton exchange mechanisms of high temperature proton exchange membranes were summarized in this review.Proton conductor doped polybenzimidazole(PBI)based membrane materials are potential candidates for high temperature low humidity proton exchange membranes.The preparation,types of proton conductors and performance enhancement methods of PBI based high temperature proton exchange membranes were discussed.The challenges and research trends of high temperature proton exchange membranes were pointed out such as synthesis of new types of proton conductor,improvement of PBI anti-oxidation stability,regulation of membrane microstructure to improve the performance and develop novel polymer electrolytes.