新型二维层状纳米材料的抗菌研究进展

Advances in antibacterial research based on two-dimensional nano-materials

近年来,抗生素耐药菌在全球范围内得到迅速而广泛地传播,新型抗菌药物的开发刻不容缓。随着生物纳米技术的发展,二维层状纳米材料有望成为处理耐药菌的替代选择。本文综述了石墨烯及其衍生物(GMs)、过渡金属硫化物(TMDs)、层状双氢氧化物(LDHs)及MXenes二维层状纳米材料的结构特征及其抗菌应用的最新报道,讨论了材料的抗菌机制,例如物理/机械损伤、脂质提取、氧化应激和光热/光动力效应等。最后,本文针对二维层状纳米材料的抗菌应用前景进行了展望:(1)材料特有的空间结构及优异的生物相容性决定了其可以作为抗菌药物的理想载体;(2)优异的光动力和光热杀菌效应使它具有治疗局部皮肤感染的强大潜力;(3)拥有光催化抗菌特性的2D材料可制成抗菌涂层,实现简易的原位消毒,有望应用于无菌医疗设备中。

In recent years, antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains have spread rapidly and widely around the world. New antibacterial drugs have emerged to develop. With the development of biological nanotechnology, two-dimensional nanomaterials have become a very promising alternative for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Based on the recent literature, the structural features and antibacterial applications of graphene materials(GMs), transition-metal dichalcogedes(TMDs), layered double hydroxides(LDHs) and MXenes were elaborated, the antibacterial mechanisms of those materials were discussed, such as physical/mechanical damage, lipid extraction, oxidative stress, and photothermal/photodynamic effects,etc. Finally, the antibacterial research progress and challenges of two-dimensional nanomaterials were prospected:(1) 2 D materials has a unique space structure and excellent biocompatibility, so it can be used as an ideal carrier for antibacterial drugs;(2) the material has photodynamic and photothermal bactericidal effects, so it has a strong potential to cure local skin infections;(3) it can be made into antibacterial coatings to achieve simple in-situ disinfection applying to sterile medical equipment in the future.