试论从普遍贫穷迈向共同富裕的中国道路与经验——改革开放以来分配激励体制改革与收入差别轨迹及分配格局变动

The China Path and Experiences from Wide Poverty to Common Prosperity for All People:The Distribution System Reform and Income Inequality Status in China from Economic Reform and Open-up

本文试图从收入分配角度全面总结我国改革开放四十多年的历程和经验,努力阐明四个主题:其一,我国改革开放的实质是在公平与效率相互协调关系的原则指导下,逐步把马克思主义收入分配原则和激励制度中国化本土化;其二,在成功地推动经济奇迹般增长的同时,中国居民收入差别程度虽然目前还较高,但是已经越过拐点而缓慢下降,分配结果不平等状况有所改善,从而使“公有经济收入分配倒U理论”得到证实;其三,中国居民的收入分配格局从“飞碟形”经过“金字塔形”转变为“葫芦形”,中等收入阶层有发展但仍发展不足,距离“橄榄形”目标还较远,其根源在于二元体制导致的机会不均等;其四,推进二元体制改革与真正优先振兴乡村以及推动城乡一体化、发展公有经济并规范民营经济和改革二元保障体制,等等,是改进“葫芦形”格局、缩小城乡及总体差别并实现全民共同富裕的关键。

From the angle of income inequality,the paper tries to comprehensively summarize the experiences of the 40-years'economic reform and open-up policy in China and discusses 4 issues:1.The essence of our economic reform and open-up is to,under the principle of mutual coordinating between equity and efficiency,gradually and concretely localize the Marxist income distribution principle and driving system in China;2.Our economy grows like a miracle successfully but the income inequalities in China already get past the top-points of"the Public-Ownership Income Distribution Inverted-U"Curve and began to slowly decrease;3.Chinese income distribution pattern turns from"the pyramid"to be"the gourd-shape",which based on China dual economic systems that produces biggest opportunity inequality,and the poverty population greatly shrink and middle-classes gradually enlarge but still not so big enough to reach the"olive-shape";4.Continuously to reform the dual-social-system and develop China's rural area and urbanization to improve"the gourd-shape"distribution and reduce the urban-rural inequality and whole inequality,are the key steps to jump over the"middle-income trap",to realize China's rejuvenation and common prosperity for all the people.