云南九大高原湖泊的遥感监测及其演变分析研究

Remote sensing monitoring and evolution analysis of nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province

本文利用Landsat系列遥感数据,采用目视解译的遥感成图方法,分别对1988年、1994年、1999年、2004年、2009年、2014年、2018年的云南省九大高原湖泊的水域面积进行遥感动态监测。监测结果表明:云南省九大高原湖泊在1988—2018年间湖泊水域面积较为稳定,水域面积总体仅减少0.04km 2,但不同湖泊呈现不同的演变规律。九大湖泊中的大部分湖泊为萎缩型湖泊,但萎缩量较小,不足1%,而洱海是少有的增长型湖泊,湖泊水域面积扩张4.49km 2。原因主要在于大理州各级政府从1999年开始实施退耕还林/湖、退塘还湖、退房还湿地的“三退三还”政策。30年间,2014年是湖泊水域面积变化的转折点,2005—2014年降雨量减少,湖泊均处于萎缩状态,其中异龙湖和杞麓湖水域面积萎缩近1/3,而2014年后降雨量偏多,大多数湖泊已恢复到原有水平。

In this paper,the water area of nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province in 1988,1994,1999,2004,2009,2014 and 2018 was dynamically monitored by remote sensing using Landsat series remote sensing data and visual interpretation of remote sensing mapping method.The monitoring results show that the water area of the nine plateau lakes in Yunnan Province is relatively stable during 1988—2018,and the total water area has only decreased by 0.04km 2,but different lakes have different evolution rules.Most of the nine lakes are shrinking lakes,but the shrinking amount is less than 1%,while Erhai Lake is a rare growing lake,with the lake water area expanding by 4.49km 2.The main reason is that the governments at all levels in Dali Prefecture have implemented the policy of“returning farmland to forests/lakes,returning ponds to lakes and returning houses to wetlands”since 1999.In the past 30 years,there was a turning point in the change of lake water area in2014.During 2005—2014,the rainfall decreased,and all lakes were in a shrinking state,among which the water area of Yilong Lake and Qilu Lake shrank by nearly 1/3,but after 2014,the rainfall was too high,and most lakes had recovered to their original level.