从多元主义到跨文化相联

From Multiculturalism to Cross-Cultural Connections

本文考察了歌德的"世界文学"概念及其在当代的变奏,即以哈佛"世界文学"学派为代表的文化多元主义主张,对作为一种典籍化、机制化、统领性的"世界文学"组织原则进行了分析反思,并提出另辟蹊径的学理思路。本文指出,哈佛"世界文学"学派凝聚和体现了多元实践中的精华愿景,但以同质化的世界市场力量为主要驱动、以英语文本为主要载体的"世界文学"始终无法处理盎格鲁中心主义或欧洲中心主义的在场及其局限。而互联网经济和多元文化主义催生"个体化"的倾向更加剧了不同社会存在和社会群体之间"分隔"而非相互连接和理解。在此基础上,笔者提出了历史久远的"跨文化"理念在当下语境中的新内涵,以推动不同语言、文化、文明传承之间的相联与相通,开启更具包容性、差异性、生产性的人文认知世界地图。

This essay examines Goethe’s concept of"world literature"and its contemporary resonances.While affirming the multiculturalist tendency of the Western humanities in the post-war period,this essay analyzes and points out the historical limits of an existent canonized and institutionalized notion of"world literature"which relies primarily on English-language texts and is driven by the homogenizing dimensions of world markets.It also reflects upon how the homogenizing aspects of the internet economy in sync with the separative turn of multiculturalism further aggravates the fragmentation of social beings and disconnection among different cultural communities.In a dialogical engagement with the examined and analyzed parties,this essay proposes a more inclusive understanding of literatures in and as connective worlds,and a more productive"trans-cultural"practice based on the language inheritance of Chinese while opening itself to diverse languages and cultures in the world.