诗人之焦虑与创造——论庞德、陈美玲与中国古诗之三重变奏

On Poets’Anxiety and Creativity:Ezra Pound,Marilyn Chin,and the Triple Variation of Classical Chinese Poetry

庞德是美国现代派诗歌代表人物,他从中国古诗中汲取灵感,引领意象派诗歌之潮流。华裔美国女诗人陈美玲的诗歌更加充斥着与中国古诗之互文。庞德与陈美玲在运用中国古诗时有何异同?陈美玲对庞德诗歌美学有何承继?他们"混杂"的诗歌创造在世界诗歌史中有何重要意义?本文从影响之焦虑出发,分析庞德与陈美玲挪用中国古诗的类型和特征,探究庞诗、陈诗与中国古诗这三重变奏之后体现的深层文化和政治诉求,以及其中孕育的"世界诗歌"和"世界文学"新趋势。本文认为中国古诗在庞德诗中的移植与变异跨越时空、民族、语言、文化的界限,陈美玲的诗与中国古诗、庞德《古中国》的双重互文则进一步加深中西文化交流并打破族裔的疆界:他们的诗歌可谓超越文化、国界和族裔的"世界诗歌"之先声。庞诗、陈诗与中国古诗的三重变奏体现的是多元文明杂糅的力量,其中蕴含着文化的传承与变异,也正是在这样的交流、碰撞与融合中,诗歌得以丰富和发展。在文化交流与碰撞空前频繁的当今时代,多元混杂的"世界诗歌""世界文学"日渐成为创作的主流和研究的热点。

Ezra Pound is a representative American Modernist poet,who is inspired by classical Chinese poetry and leads the trend of imagist poetry,whereas Chinese American poetess Marilyn Chin’s poems are imbued with intertextuality with classical Chinese poetry.What is the commonality and difference between their appropriations of classical Chinese poetry?How is Chin influenced by Pound’s poetics?What is the significance of their"hybrid"poetics in the world poetry history?From the perspective of anxiety of influence,this paper intends to analyze the styles and features of their appropriation,to explore the in-depth cultural and political pursuits underlying the triple variation,and to investigate the trends of"world poetry"and"world literature"within them.The author holds that Pound transplants and adapts classical Chinese poetry across boundaries of time,space,people,language,and culture.The dual intertextuality between Chin’s poetry,classical Chinese poetry,and Pound’s Ancient China promotes China-West cultural exchange across ethnic groups.They are indeed precursors of"world poetry"across cultures,nations,and races.The triple variation embodies the power of diversified civilization with cultural inheritance and variation,where exchange,clash,and integration enrich and improve poetry.With today’s unprecedented cultural communication,diversified"world poetry"and"world literature"have become art creation mainstream and research hotspots.