民法典下竞争性国有企业改革法律适用之困境

The dilemma of law application in the reform of competitive state-owned enterprises under the Civil Code

竞争性国有企业改革是我国全面深化改革的关键环节和重要内容,事关改革成败。然而,竞争性国有企业改革仍然面临一系列理论迷思,包括竞争性国有企业的概念界定、改革中政府与市场的关系、企业在市场中宜"进"还是该"退"、竞争中立对企业改革的意义。理论争议衍生出法律适用的困境,首先,这些理论困局直接影响了与竞争性国有企业改革密切相关的法律制度的变革;其次,滞后的法律反过来又阻碍了改革的推进。竞争性国有企业主要面临对《中华人民共和国民法典》《中华人民共和国全民所有制工业企业法》《中华人民共和国企业国有资产法》《中华人民共和国公司法》和《中华人民共和国反垄断法》的适用困境,陷于"无法可依"的尴尬处境。竞争性国有企业需要坚持市场化改革方向,与时俱进变革制度,让改革于法有据,让企业得到制度保障。

The reform of competitive state-owned enterprises is the key link and important content of deepening the reform in an all-round way in our country,which is related to the success or failure of the reform.However,the reform of competitive state-owned enterprises still faces a series of theoretical myths,including the definition of competitive state-owned enterprises,the relationship between the government and the market in the reform,whether the enterprises should"advance"or"retreat"in the market,and the significance of competition neutrality to the reform of enterprises.The theoretical disputes give rise to the dilemma of the application of law.First,these theoretical dilemmas directly affect the reform of the legal system closely related to the reform of competitive state-owned enterprises.The competitive state-owned enterprises mainly face the difficulties in applying the civil code,the law on industrial enterprises owned by the whole people,the law on state-owned assets of enterprises,the company law and the anti-monopoly law,trapped in an embarrassing situation of"no recourse".Competitive state-owned enterprises need to adhere to the direction of market-oriented reform,keep pace with the times to reform the system,so that the reform can be in accordance with the law,and enterprises can be protected by the system.