试析当代印尼身份政治兴起的原因

An Initial Analysis of the Reason for the Rise of Identity Politics in Contemporary Indonesia

身份政治是当代印尼重要的政治现象,在近年的印尼总统及地方选举中扮演了不容忽视的角色。何为身份政治?为何近年来身份政治在印尼愈演愈烈?这是本文试图回答的研究问题。通过对身份政治发展历程的追溯,本文认为当代印尼身份政治产生和发展的路径和西方国家有所不同。当代印尼的身份政治兴起的原因在于发展中国家政治转型过程中制度与思想的断裂。在这一断裂的罅隙中,伴随印尼民主化改革而来的制度及思想领域的变化在客观上刺激了身份政治的发展,传统与宗教带来的稳定感和归属感使得强调族群与宗教的身份政治大行其道,政治伊斯兰成为了重要的意识形态来源。而这又与印尼“异质性”很强的社会结构及历史上针对不同族群和宗教信仰群体“分而治之”和强行同化的遗留问题息息相关。

Identity politics is an important political phenomenon in contemporary Indonesia,which has played a role that cannot be ignored in recent presidential and local elections in Indonesia.The reason for the rise of identity politics in contemporary Indonesia lies in the rift of system and thought in the process of political transition in the developing countries.In this rift,the sense of stability and belonging brought by tradition and religion has made identity politics that emphasizes ethnicity and religion flourish,thus making political Islam an important ideological source,which,in turn,relates closely to the social structure and historical legacy of Indonesia.