不同耕作措施对花生结荚期产流产沙过程的影响

Effects of Different Tillage Practices on the Yield of Runoff and Sediment in Peanut Podding Stage

为了研究不同耕作措施在花生结荚期时对紫色土区产流产沙过程的影响,通过对顺坡垄作、横坡垄作、穴播、平作这4种耕作措施种植花生以及对照组平坡裸地进行野外模拟降雨试验,得到其径流泥沙特征。利用滑动秩和检验法找出产流产沙过程变异时刻点,对变异时刻点后用Mann-Kendall趋势检验法分析产流产沙过程趋势。结果表明:产流产沙过程变异时刻点后均处于一个较为稳定状态,平坡裸地的稳定径流率、侵蚀率均最大,顺坡垄作次之,然后是平作,再是穴播,横坡垄作最小;而各耕作措施初始产流时间则与稳定径流率和侵蚀率相反。在减流减沙效益方面,相对于平坡裸地,不同耕作措施均表现出减流减沙效果,具体表现为横坡垄作>穴播>平作>顺坡垄作。

In order to study the effects of different tillage practices on the yield of runoff and sediment in purple soil area in peanut podding stage.Field rainfall simulation experiments were carried out to study the yield of runoff and sediment in four tillage practices and one control group(longitudinal ridge,cross ridge,bunch planting,flat planting and bare land on flat slope).The sliding-rank-sum-test was used to find out the catastrophe point of runoff and sediment production process.The Mann-Kendall trend test method was used to analyze the trend of runoff and sediment yield process after the catastrophe point.The results showed that the runoff and sediment yield process was in a relatively stable state after the catastrophe point.The stable rate of runoff and sediment yield in bare land was the largest,followed by longitudinal ridge,then flat planting,bunch planting,and cross ridge was the smallest.However,the initial runoff yield time of each tillage practice was opposite to the stable rate of runoff and sediment yield.Compared to bare land on flat slope,all tillage practices showed the effects of runoff and sediment reduction.The specific performance was cross ridge>bunch planting>flat planting>longitudinal ridge.