探空火箭载荷气动式分离释放装置设计

Design of pneumatic release device for sounding rocket payloads

为了实现高敏捷、高精度探空火箭箭头平台的分布式探测功能,设计了载荷气动式分离释放装置。对该装置的模块化便捷式装配、高可靠夹紧与高精度分离兼容性设计、大范围推力连续覆盖等进行了研究。首先,将箭头平台总体任务需求分解为夹紧固定、可靠释放等设计输入,完成具有锥形高精分离、尺寸微调、非均等接触等特点的装置总体设计方案。接着,以现有工业元件冲击薄形气缸货架产品为主,进行满足功能性低成本选型优化设计。然后,针对装置总体设计方案,对串联式薄形气缸驱动分离释放装置进行地面原理样机功能性验证试验。最后,通过对装置运动学模型数值仿真模拟,得出满足分离精度的工程实际装配误差参考数值5 mm。结果表明该装置可在实际气压作用下正常分离释放,且具备优于0.05°的分离释放精度。基本满足箭头平台载荷高精度空间分布式探测需求,且分离精度可依实际再行提高。

To realize the distributed detection function of a sounding rocket platform and to improve its detection agility and precision,a pneumatic release device with a convenient load module,highly reliable clamping,high release precision,and a continuous wide-range thrust was designed.First,the entire design scheme was designed with the features of trapezoidal separating configuration,a size fine-tuning function,and non-uniform releasing contact areas.Second,an optimized,low-cost detailed design was provided by using the shelf products of thin type cylinders.Then,based on the entire design scheme,a releasing function test of the thin cylinder ground-based prototype was accomplished.Finally,a reference value(5 mm)that is suitable for engineering assembly with the required release precision is obtained.The results indicate that the pneumatic release device can work normally with actual air pressure,and its release precision is better than 0.05°.It can satisfy the requirements of the distributed detection function of sounding rocket platforms,and its release precision can be improved by considering actual different cases.