从《孟子集注》的释词看朱熹对前代训诂的继承、优化和推进

Viewing Zhu Xi’s Inheritance,Optimization and Promotion of His Previous Generation’s Exegesis Based on the Interpretation of Words in Mengzi Jizhu(《孟子集注》)

《孟子集注》的释词除了大量征引赵岐《孟子章句》,还广泛撷取前代著名训诂家的经注或小学专书中的字词释义,表现了朱熹对前代训诂成果的继承。同时,朱熹不拘泥于旧注,对赵岐注的释词从注释内容、注释形式和注释词头的提取三方面进行了优化,使其更有效、精准地传达文义;因汉语词汇、语义的历时发展,朱熹对赵岐注词释的推进,实践了训诂“以语言解释语言”之旨。朱熹的释词,内容简约精练,一扫汉魏末流繁琐注经之弊端,使古朴的治经风格和“训诂说字”的治经理念在宋代得以传承和续接。

The interpretation of words in Mengzi Jizhu(《孟子集注》)was mainly derived from Zhao Qi’s Mengzi Zhangju(《孟子章句》),and a lot of famous exegetical scholars’classics or ancient language books,which shows Zhu Xi’s inheritance of the previous exegetical achievements.At the same time,Zhu Xi did not stick to the old exegesis.He also optimized the interpretation of words in Zhao Qi’s MengZi Zhangju(《孟子章句》)from the content,form and extraction of prefi xes,which makes the interpretation of words more effective and accurate in conveying the meaning of the text.Due to the diachronic development of Chinese vocabulary,he promoted the interpretation of words in Zhao Qi’s MengZi Zhangju(《孟子章句》)to keep pace with the times,so as to fully practice the purpose of interpreting language with language.Zhu Xi’s simple and refi ned exegesis content swept away the drawbacks of commentary on scriptures in the Han-Wei dynasties,maintaining the inheritance and continuation of the pithy and simple style as well as the concept of interpreting words by exegesis in the Song Dynasty.