早期北京话副词“所”的用法、意义及来源

The Function,Nature and Origin of the Adverb Suo(所)in Early Beijing Dialect

本文分析了清末民初北京话作品中副词“所”的用法和意义,论证了北京话的“所”既不是范围副词,也不是程度副词,而是表示终极确认的语气副词。在北京话口语中,“索性”省简为“所”,表示已经实现、不可改变的终极事实,这是“索性”在清代北京话小说中用法的扩展。因为与“索(性)”常规的主观性语义差别过大,人们心里已经不知道其来源,于是就用表示虚词的同音字“所”来记录。

The paper,by analyzing the usage of suo(所)in the works of Beijing dialect in the period of late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China,demonstrates that suo(所)in early Beijing dialect is neither a scope adverb nor a degree adverb,but a modal adverb that shows ultimately confi rmation.Suo(所)in the Beijing dialect comes from the extended usage of suoxing(索性)in the novels written by the Beijing dialect in the Qing dynasty:to indicate the ultimate fact that has been realized and cannot be changed.It is so different from the conventional subjective semantics of suoxing(索性)that people couldn’t fi gure out its origin,so they use the homophone suo(所)which is a function word as a recording sign.