“麓川战役”与云南卫所军功研究

On the“Three Expeditions to Luchuan”in the Ming Dynasty and the Military Exploits of Yunnan Garrison

麓川平缅宣慰司之乱关涉西南边疆的稳定和国家的安危,对西南边疆的政治和明朝国势产生了重大影响。云南卫所职役在麓川战役中系本省参战,肩负着护国捍边的重任,其获功依据主要为阵亡功、奇功和头功。“冲入敌阵”“深入敌境”的奇功以及“当先破敌”“出哨杀敌”的头功,均需莫大的勇气,尤其是内陆移入云南的职役群体,面对麓川地区复杂的环境和边境危机,军功升赏的激励机制可以增加职役群体的战斗力,更有利于麓川叛乱的平定。军功授予依参战地点环境的险恶程度、战阵的难易情况区别升赏,是为明朝廷“以靖边境”“护国捍边”的实际举措。由于麓川战役持续时间长,大小战役众多,过程复杂,嘉靖、万历年间,明廷对麓川战役获功者子孙应袭、应革功次作清理时,规定:奇功、头功袭职仍循旧例,仅对麓川战役中越升职级者和查无头功、奇功字样者减革,折射出西南边疆地区制度、文化与内地的差异,使得中央对其实施不同的治理策略。

The Luchuan Battle for Suppressing Pingmian-Xuanweisi Rebellion was related to the stability of the southwest border and the security of China,and had a significant impact on the politics of the southwest border and the national influence of the Ming Dynasty.In the Luchuan Battle,the military officers and soldiers in Yunnan Garrison during the reign of Emperor Ying Zong mainly had three military exploits:Merit earned by death,outstanding merit and first-class merit.The military officers and soldiers of Yunnan Garrison participated in this war.Due to this battle,some soldiers,small Military Flags and the general Military Flags were promoted to the rank of 100 households or the middle or lower military level of 100 households,military officers of 100 households or above were promoted to senior military positions such as thousands of households and commanders.During this battle,it was no longer strictly in accordance with the provisions of the two-level promotion of the outstanding merit,the provisions of the one-level promotion of the first-class merit promotion of the Hongwu and Yongle period,but both outstanding merit and first-class merit were promoted one-level higher.In the middle and later period of the Ming Dynasty,the law of military merit promotion became more and more strict.Especially according to the regulations of the tenth year of Emperor Jiajing,because of the improper promotion in the Luchuan Battle,their descendants were demoted one level during the Jiajing and Wanli period.The difference of the two periods reflects the change in the military merit law in the middle and later Ming Dynasty.