棚龄、灌溉方式对大棚土壤盐分及pH的影响

Effects of Greenhouse Age and Irrigation Methods on Soil Salinity and pH in Greenhouse

为了解大棚种植对土壤盐分及pH的影响,试验选取山西省太谷县不同种植年限、不同灌溉方式大棚0~1 m土壤进行EC、pH值的测定,并且以大棚外露天农田土壤为对照。结果表明,在所研究大棚中,随着种植年限的延长,EC值呈现出缓慢增长的趋势,pH值呈现出缓慢下降的趋势;在0~1 m土壤范围内,随土壤深度的增加,EC值不断减小,pH值呈现出先增大后减小的趋势;土壤耕作层(0~0.4 m)电导率及pH值有明显的变动,其中,电导率急剧上升,达到3.07 mS/cm,出现盐渍化现象,且存在明显的表聚现象,pH值有大幅度下降,最小值为6.86。采用滴灌的大棚,土壤EC值明显小于沟灌大棚,pH值大于沟灌大棚,说明滴灌可以有效缓解土壤盐渍化但容易造成土壤盐碱化;土壤pH值与EC值间呈显著的负相关关系。山西省太谷地区大棚栽培要注意土壤盐渍化和滴灌灌溉方式引起的pH值增加的问题。

To understand the effects of greenhouse planting on soil salinity and pH,the EC(Electrical Conductance)and pH values of soil in the depth of 0-1 m were determined for different planting years and irrigation methods in Taigu county of Shanxi.Meanwhile,adjacent soil in the open field were took as a control plot.The results showed that the EC value showed a slow growth trend with the extension of the planting years,and the pH value changed in the opposite direction,the EC value decreased with the increase of soil depth in the range of 0-1 m,while pH value showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing.The EC and pH value changed significantly in the tillage layer(0-0.4 m),among,the EC value reached 3.07 mS/cm,showing by salting and obvious surface aggregation phenomenon.However,the pH value decreased significantly(the minimum value was 6.86).Soil EC value in greenhouse under drip irrigation was significantly smaller than furrow irrigation greenhouse,and pH value was greater than furrow irrigation greenhouse,which indicated that drip irrigation could effectively alleviate soil salinization,but easily cause alkalization.There was a significant negative correlation between soil pH and EC values.Soil salinization and pH increase caused by drip irrigation should be paid more attention to during greenhouse cultivation in Taigu county of Shanxi and surrounding area.