病害胁迫下植物根系分泌物的响应及作用研究进展

Research Progress on Response and Function of Plant Root Exudates under Disease Stress

根系分泌物是植物和土壤产生联系的重要介质,在植物与环境互作过程中发挥着至关重要的调控作用。综述了病害胁迫下根系分泌物在组成和含量2个维度的响应,以及这些差异响应在加重或减轻植物病害发展中的作用。根系分泌物组成和数量的变化取决于植物种类和品种、发育时期、植物生长基质和胁迫因素,一方面,根系分泌物能够作为化学信号物质调控土壤病原菌的活性,并能通过改变土壤微生态环境诱导土传病害的发生;另一方面,植物在受到病害胁迫时会分泌具有直接防御性质的抗菌化合物,还能通过根系分泌物招徕功能性的微生物,通过有益菌实现对病原菌的生物控制。可见,对病害胁迫下植物根系分泌物的响应及作用机制的揭示将在指导植物病害防控、改善生态农业管理、建立作物高产与环境保护相协调的综合管理体系方面发挥极其重要的作用。

Root exudates are important mediators of plant and soil.It plays an important regulatory role in the interaction between plants and environment.This paper reviewed the response of root exudates in both composition and content under disease stress and the role of these differential responses in exacerbating or mitigating plant disease development.The composition and quantity of root exudates depend on plant species and varieties,development period,plant growth matrix and stress factors.On the one hand,root exudates can act as chemical signal substances to regulate the activity of soil pathogens and induce the occurrence of soil-borne diseases by changing the soil microecological environment.On the other hand,when plants are stressed by diseases,they secrete antibacterial compounds with direct defensive properties,and can attract functional microorganisms through root exudates to realize biological control over pathogenic bacteria.The purpose of the paper is to provide a theoretical basis for guiding the control of plant diseases and establishing a comprehensive management system for the coordination of high crop yield and environmental protection.