历史时期广东沿海风暴潮灾害研究

Research on Disasters of Storm Surge in Coastal Areas of Guangdong along the History

对1949年之前发生在广东的风暴潮地理分布进行统计分析,结果表明:受地形、气候等因素影响,广东风暴潮发生频率最高的区域是粤西沿海段,其次是粤东沿海段,珠江三角洲则是集中发生于环珠江入海口区。风暴潮主要发生于夏秋季节,台风雨季及天文潮对其影响显著。广东沿海风暴潮灾害发生频率变化与历史时期气候变迁相一致,但其本身具有突发性特征,故虽发生次数少,但破坏性极大,对人们生命、生产、生活造成严重威胁。历史上沿海人民根据长期的观察,积累了一定的风暴潮预测经验与方法,其灾前预警与灾后赈济经验对今日防灾减灾仍有一定借鉴意义。

As indicated by the analysis of the geographical distribution of storm surges in Guangdong before 1949,storm surge in Guangdong,affected by topography,climate and other factors,occurred most frequently along the west coast of Guangdong and next along the east coast,while in the Pearl River Delta it is concentrated in the estuary of the Pearl River.In addition,the storm surge mainly occurs in summer and autumn,demonstrating the influence of the typhoon raining season and the astronomical tides.The frequency change of storm surge disasters along the coast of Guangdong is consistent with the climate change along the history,but it has spasmodic characteristics.Therefore,although the storm surges occur less frequently,they are extremely destructive and pose a serious threat to people’s lives and productive activities.The experience and methods of forecasting storm surge accumulated by coastal residents are still of referential significance for disaster prevention and mitigation today.