新技术采用能够提高家庭农场经营效率吗?——基于新技术需求实现度视角

Can Adoption of New Technologies Raise Economic Efficiency of Family Farms?——From the Perspective of Realization of New Technological Demand

基于2017年和2018年两轮家庭农场问卷调查数据,考察了家庭农场新技术采用情况对其经营效率的影响。研究发现,采用新技术的家庭农场比未采用新技术的家庭农场经营效率相对更高;但家庭农场只是一般性采用新技术,对经营效率的提高并不明显;只有采用与自身需求相匹配的新技术,才能够显著实现增收效果,在一系列稳健性检验后研究结论依然成立。新技术采用的增收效应在经营种类上主要体现在非粮食类经济作物上;在新技术种类上主要体现在新品种和病虫害防治新方法上;新技术采用对都市郊区、技能较高的农场主以及示范性家庭农场经营效率的促进作用更大。研究首次提出新技术需求实现度概念,并发现只有提高新技术需求实现度才能提高家庭农场采用新技术的经营效率。

Based on the data from two rounds of questionnaire surveys on family farms in 2017 and 2018,this paper examines the impact of new technology adoption behavior on the economic efficiency of family farms.The results of the study show that compared with family farms that do not adopt new technologies,the economic efficiency of family farms that adopt them is relatively higher.However,if family farms only generally adopt new technologies,their economic efficiency does not improve significantly.Only by adopting new technologies that match their own needs can family farms increase their income significantly.And these conclusions are still valid after a series of robustness tests.In terms of the planting types,the income-increasing effect of the new technology adoption is mainly reflected in family farms that plant non-grain economic crops.In terms of new technology types,it’s mainly reflected in family farms that adopt new varieties and new methods of pest control.New technology adoption has had a greater impact on economic efficiency of family farms in urban suburbs,skilled farmers and model family farms.This paper puts forward a new concept“realization ratio of new technologies needs”and find raising realization ratio of new technologies needs is key to increase the effect of new technology adoption on economic efficiency of family farms.