家的空间重构与祖先观念:粤西香火屋的现代变迁

Space Reconstruction of Home and Concept of Ancestor:The Modern Change of Xianghuo-house in Western Guangdong

人文地理学的文化转向更加重视地景与文化间的关系。通过粤西香火屋的田野资料,探讨家屋空间与祖先观念的相互建构关系。研究发现,传统祖屋的空间布局象征着“亦善亦恶”的祖先形象。随着家的空间重构,独立香火屋强化了“严苛”的祖先形象;而祖先龛则更强调“亲近”“友善”的祖先形象。在这过程中,新家的空间布局是空间资源约束和祖先观念影响的结果,而居民观念中的祖先形象也被新的空间格局重塑。粤西香火屋的案例展示了社会急速变迁背景下人文景观与文化观念的互动关系,也表明了中国民间信仰在应对环境变迁时具有高度的弹性和适应性。

The cultural turn of Human Geography sees more attention drawn to the relationship between landscape and culture.Based on the field research into Xianghuo-house of Western Guangdong,this paper discusses the dynamic interaction between the space reconstruction of home and the concept of ancestor.The research shows that the traditional ancestral house represents the image of ancestor as both god and ghost.The independent incense house reinforces the image of“dangerous”ancestor with the reconstruction of home space;On the contrary,the ancestor niche of the open sitting room highlights a“close and friendly”ancestor image.In this process,the spatial layout of the new home was affected by spatial resources and the ancestor concept of the local residents,and the ancestor concept is also reshaped by the new spatial pattern.The story illustrates the interaction between local landscape and cultural concepts caused by social changes,which shows the Chinese folk religion is highly flexible and adaptable to the rapid social changes.