废旧锂离子电池的湿法回收研究进展

Review of hydrometallurgical processes for recycling spent lithium-ion batteries

随着电子产品的快速更新换代和动力汽车的飞速发展,产生了越来越多的废旧锂离子电池。废旧锂离子电池中含有的大量有毒有害物质,会对环境和人类健康产生严重危害,此外,废旧锂离子电池中含有丰富有价金属,可作为重要的二次资源,因此,废旧锂离子电池的回收已成为全球关注的热点。湿法冶金过程被认为是低能耗、低成本、低污染以及更适合规模化应用的废旧离子电池回收技术。湿法冶金回收过程包括电池预处理、有价金属浸出以及高附加值产品回收。本文对采用湿法冶金技术回收废旧锂离子电池中有价金属的研究现状进行综述,对比分析各个步骤中不同处理技术之间的优劣,提出当前湿法冶金回收过程中存在的问题,并对湿法冶金技术回收废旧锂离子电池发展方向进行展望。

The amount of spent lithium-ion batteries has grown dramatically in recent years with the rapid development of electronic products and the rapid development of power vehicles.On the one hand,a large amount of toxic and harmful substances contained in spent lithium-ion batteries will pose a threat to the environment and human health,and on the other hand,the rich valuable metals contained in spent lithium-ion batteries can be used as an important secondary resources,and therefore,the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries has become a global hotspot.The hydrometallurgical process was considered to be the most suitable method for the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries.A series of hydrometallurgical procedures include pretreatment of the spent lithium-ion batteries,leaching process and separation of valuable metals from leaching solution.The current status of hydrometallurgical recycling technologies of spent lithium-ion batteries was reviewed in this paper.And then the advantages and problems of different recyding technologies were analyzed.Finally,the prospects and direction of the recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries were put forward.