植物的文化意涵:聚焦小凉山彝族毕摩仪式

Cultural Implication of Plants:A Study of the Bimo Ritual of the Yi as Practiced in Xiaoliangshan

认识植物、对植物进行分类并使用是作为自然性和社会性存在的人的最基本实践活动。云南小凉山彝族丰富的植物文化集中体现于毕摩仪式的植物使用中。当地彝族对植物的命名采取了彝族双名法和非双名法两类。命名分类以繁殖器官、形态结构、理化性质,以及文化意义表达等要素为基础。毕摩仪式中的植物分类及植物使用与其社会文化的建构关系密切。彝族的宇宙观、人生观及和谐生态观等观念,都在对植物的认识和使用中得到了较为充分的体现。相关植物的实用价值及植物承载的社会文化价值能够在仪式过程中得到实现。

knowing plants,classifying and making use of them is a basic human activity.The knowledge of the Yi in Xiaoliangshan of Yunnan about plants finds expression in their use of plants in the unique Bimo ritual.The local Yi people name plants in both binominal and non-binominal ways.They classify plants according to the shape of their reproductive organs,their morphological structure and their physical and chemical properties as well as their social and cultural meanings.The Yi's ideas of the universe,of life,of their relationship with nature,are all embodied in their knowledge and use of plants.The value of plants as herbal medicine,and the social and cultural values that the plants carry with them,are manifested in the ritual.