司法区块链的复合风险与双层规制

The Compound Risk and Two-Layer Regulation of Judicial Blockchain

司法区块链是“区块链+”智慧司法的产物。司法区块链不仅在制度上造就了证据法的革新,而且还将在产权登记、诉源治理、智能诉讼等方面塑造多种新的制度可能。然而,司法区块链的复合风险不容忽视。该复合风险并不是智慧司法与区块链二者风险的简单相加,而是前者制度性风险与后者内生性风险的有机结合。根据已知风险,应采取传统法律规制与新型代码规制并行的双层规制模式。一方面,通过完善外在制度保障以应对制度性风险;另一方面,通过优化内在代码设计以回应内生性风险。通过双层规制的互动耦合,以覆盖事前规范与事后强制,充分发挥法律代码与技术代码之间的协同效应。

Judicial blockchain is a product of“blockchain+”intelligence justice.Judicial blockchain not only creates the innovation of the evidence law,but also shapes a variety of new institutional possibilities,such as property rights registration,governance of the litigation source,intelligent litigation,etc.However,the compound risk of judicial blockchain cannot be ignored.This compound risk is not a simple addition of the risks of smart justice and blockchain,but the organic combination of the former institutional risk and the latter endogenous risk.Based on the risks,the judicial blockchain should adopt a two-layer regulatory model in which traditional legal regulation and new code regulation are parallel.On the one hand,improving the external system to deal with the institutional risks;on the other hand,optimizing the internal code design to respond to the endogenous risks.Through the interactive coupling of the two-layer regulation,to cover ex ante-norm and ex post-mandatory,the synergy between legal code and technical code is fully realized.