论区块链电子证据的双阶鉴真

Double Stage Authentication Theory of Blockchain Electronic Evidence

由于区块链技术并不能提供绝对意义上的反篡改,区块链电子证据的反篡改具有相对性,同时由于区块链技术只能对电子证据流转、移送阶段的载体提供技术上的信任担保,而不涉及反应电子证据内容的收集、提取阶段,因此,区块链电子证据需要基于内容与载体的区分而展开双阶鉴真。对没有信任担保的内容层面采用“独特性证明”“保管链条证明”等方法进行实质性审查,并根据审查结果确定非法区块链电子证据的强制性排除与可补正性排除规则;对具有一定程度信任担保的载体层面进行资质性、中立性以及技术说明性的形式审查,根据审查结果确立非法区块链电子证据的裁量性排除规则。

Because blockchain technology cannot provide absolute anti-tampering,for blockchain electronic evidence of anti-tampering is relative.At the same time,blockchain technology can only provide a technical trust guarantee for the carrier during the circulation and transfer stage of electronic evidence,and it does not involve the collection and extraction stages of the content of the reflected electronic evidence.Therefore,it is necessary for the blockchain electronic evidence to develop double stages authentication based on the distinction between content and carrier.The specific authentication method is to conduct substantive review on the content level without trust guarantee by using such methods as“uniqueness proof”and“chain of custody certification”,and the mandatory exclusion and correctability exclusion rules of illegal blockchain electronic evidence are determined based on the review results.A formal review of qualification,neutrality,and technical descriptiveness on the carrier level with a certain degree of trust guarantee should be carried out,and based on the results of the review,discretionary exclusion rules for illegal blockchain electronic evidence can be established.