电纺纳米纤维取向对其特性的影响

Influence of electrospun nanofiber orientation on its properties

传统静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维在收集装置中随机排列,取向度较低,性能较弱,限制了其应用。有序排列的取向纳米纤维已引起广泛关注。首先综述了采用静电纺丝制备取向纳米纤维的方法,从纳米纤维的导电性能、压电性能、热稳定性、力学性能和光学性能阐述了静电纺丝技术制备的纳米纤维取向对其特性产生的影响。接着,介绍了取向纳米纤维在组织工程、传感器和能源方面的应用。最后,对纳米纤维性能改善的原理进行了总结,并对其发展进行了展望。

The nanofibers prepared by traditional electrospinning technology are randomly arranged in the collection device with low degree of orientation and weak properties,which limits their application.The orderly arrangement of oriented nanofibers has attracted much attention.Firstly,the preparation methods of oriented nanofibers by electrostatic spinning are reviewed.Then,the effects of orientation of nanofibers prepared by electrostatic spinning on their properties are discussed from the aspects of conductivity,piezoelectric property,thermostability,mechanical property and optical property of nanofibers.Subsequently,the applications of oriented nanofibers in tissue engineering,sensors and energy sources are introduced.Finally,the principle of improving the properties of oriented nanofibers is summarized and its development is prospected.