有序介孔碳的模板化构筑及其水处理应用研究

Template construction of ordered mesoporous carbon materials and their applications in water treatment

有序介孔碳材料具有比表面积高、孔道结构规则有序、孔径分布狭窄、孔径大小可调控、表面易于修饰等结构特点和高机械强度、强吸附能力、化学惰性等性能特点,作为吸附剂在水处理领域具有广阔的发展前景。该文从有序介孔硅、天然矿物、金属-有机框架(MOFs)材料、嵌段共聚物等不同模板的角度对有序介孔碳、多级有序微/介孔碳、多级有序大/介孔碳的制备方法进行综述,并对有序介孔碳材料在重金属离子、有机污染物、生物活性分子吸附领域的应用进行简单介绍。比表面积、孔径大小和表面化学组成在很大程度上决定了有序介孔碳的吸附性能。大孔径、多样性、多级孔交叉、杂原子掺杂、表面功能化将会是今后有序介孔碳制备的发展方向。

Ordered mesoporous carbon materials possess many advantages such as high specific surface area,regular pore structure,narrow pore size distribution,controllable pore size,modifiable surface,high mechanical strength,strong adsorption ability and chemical inertness.The ordered mesoporous carbon,as a new adsorbent,has a broad prospect in water treatment.The preparation methods of ordered mesoporous carbon,hierarchically ordered microporous/mesoporous carbon and hierarchically ordered macroporous/mesoporous carbon are reviewed based on different templates such as ordered mesoporous silica,natural minerals,metal organic frameworks and block copolymers.The applications of ordered mesoporous carbon materials in the fields of heavy metal ions,organic pollutants and bioactive molecules adsorption are also introduced.The adsorption capacity of ordered mesoporous carbon is determined by its specific surface area,pore size and surface chemical composition to a great extent.Large pore size,diversity,hierarchization,heteroatom doping and surface functionalization will be the development direction of ordered mesoporous carbon preparation in the future.