江汉平原某牛场几种饲料作物生产模式的对比分析

Contrastive analysis of several forage crop production modes in a cattle in Jianghan Plain

为了解江汉平原饲料作物生产现状,控制养牛场饲料成本,笔者通过走访调查和综合分析,对该地区饲料作物生产成本和收益进行对比。结果表明:公司流转土地组织生产时,有玉米+玉米+油菜(玉玉油)、玉米+玉米+白菜(玉玉菜)、玉米+小麦(玉麦)和玉米+白菜(玉菜)共4种种植模式;订单生产时,农户按玉玉油或玉麦组织种植。2季青贮玉米加1季饲用油菜模式的鲜秸秆总产量为156 t/hm^2;第1季、第2季青贮玉米的田间生产成本分别为7188元/hm^2、4575元/hm^2,饲用油菜的田间生产成本为5070元/hm^2;公司流转土地生产鲜秸秆的成本为158元/t,比单纯种植青贮玉米的节约10.3%;青饲料订单收购价格为300元/t,农户纯收益为29655元/hm^2,高于种植传统粮油作物。说明种植饲用油菜是增加茬口、实现一年三熟、降低饲料成本的重要环节,机械化及多产业合作有助于饲料作物产业的发展。

In order to understand the current situation of feed crop production in Jianghan Plain and control the cost of feed in the cattle farms,the author compared the cost and income of feed crop production in this area through visiting investigation and comprehensive analysis.The results showed that there were four planting(maize+maize+rape,maize+maize+Chinese cabbage,maize+wheat and maize+Chinese cabbage)when the company transfers land to organize production.When the order is produced,the peasant household organizes planting according to maize+maize+rape or maize+wheat.Under the pattern of two-season silage maize and one-season forage rape,the total fresh straw yield was 156 t/hm^2,the production cost of silage maize in the first and the second silage corn was 7188 yuan/hm^2 and 4575 yuan/hm^2,respectively,and that of forage rape was 5070 yuan/hm^2.The cost of fresh straw production in the company’s circulation land was 158 yuan/t,which is 10.3%less than that of simply planting silage corn.The purchase price of green feed order was 300 yuan/t,and the net income of farmers was 29655 yuan/hm^2,which was higher than that of traditional planting grain and oil crops.The results indicated that the cultivation of forage rape was an important link to increase crop rotation,achieve three crops a year and reduce feed cost,and mechanization and multi-industry cooperation contributed to the development of feed crop industry.