我国DHI体系的现状、发展瓶颈及对策研究

Research on the status quo,development bottleneck and countermeasures of China’s DHI system

为了进一步完善我国奶牛生产性能测定(dairy herd improvement,DHI)体系,笔者采用历史归纳法,梳理我国DHI体系从1992年至今的发展历程。结果表明:我国DHI体系既取得了许多发展成果,如参测场和登记奶牛范围持续扩大,产奶量和体细胞数指标逐年向好,原料奶质量稳步上升,DHI数据量和奶牛自主培育能力不断提升等;同时也面临诸多挑战,包括由技术引进向自主创新转型进展缓慢,参测比例和测定指标完整性存在提升空间,基础数据和采样规范性有待优化,数据解读和报告运用水平需要加强等。因此,以资金和政策倾斜助力DHI技术创新,进一步提高参测比例和指标完整程度,推动国际交流合作和采样信息化进程,健全职员培训和考核等激励机制,或许能优化中国DHI体系。

In order to further improve China’s dairy herd improvement(DHI)system,this paper summarized the development process of China’s DHI system from 1992 to the present by using historical induction method.The results showed that China’s DHI system both has achieved many development results,such as the continuous expansion of the number of tested farms and the scope of registered dairy cows,the milk production and somatic cell count have been improving year by year,the quality of raw milk has steadily increased,and the continuous improvement of DHI data and the independent breeding ability of dairy cows;at the same time also faces many challenges,including slow progress in the transformation from technology introduction to independent innovation,room for improvement in reference ratio and measurement index integrity,basic data and sampling standardization need to be optimized,and data interpretation and report application levels need to be strengthened.Therefore,it is possible to optimize China’s DHI system by using funds and policies to promote DHI technological innovation,further improve the measurement ratio and the completeness of indicators,promote the process of international cooperation and sampling informatization,and improve the incentive mechanisms such as staff training and assessment.