冀西北坝上农牧交错区青贮玉米品种筛选

Selection of silage maize varieties in the farming-pastoral ecotone of the dam in northwest Hebei Province

为了在冀西北坝上农牧交错带非籽粒玉米种植区的自然条件下筛选出适宜种植的抗干旱、耐瘠薄青贮玉米品种,试验选择14个在不同地区性状表现较好的青贮玉米品种(巡青518、院军1号、TH3912、平青贮518、巡天6171、吉单27、巡天16、巡天3号、克106、克108、克101、大京九26、豫青贮23、德美亚1号),分别在2018,2019年5月10日进行播种,采用随机区组试验设计,设置3个重复,在开花期测定株高、茎粗及穗位比3个农艺性状,在早霜前(9月26日)进行收获,测定鲜草产量,利用烘干减重法计算含水量与干生物产量,测定粗蛋白(CP)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和淀粉含量及相对饲喂价值(RFV)品质指标。结果表明:院军1号、克106、克108、巡天6171、巡天3号、德美亚1号及克101的全株含水量均在65%~75%的范围内,符合青贮玉米收获标准。2018年,院军1号株高极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01),巡天6171茎粗显著大于其他品种(P<0.05),巡天3号穗位高显著高于除德美亚1号外的其他品种(P<0.05);院军1号、巡天6171、巡天3号的各器官干物质比例分配均表现为茎+鞘>穗>叶,而克106、德美亚1号、克101的各器官干物质比例分配均表现为穗>茎+鞘>叶;巡天6171的鲜草产量达85.45 t/hm^2,极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01);院军1号干生物产量最高,为21.60 t/hm^2,极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01);院军1号的籽粒产量达7.36 t/hm^2,极显著高于其他5个品种(P<0.01)。2019年,院军1号株高极显著高于除巡天3号外的其他品种(P<0.01),巡天6171茎粗显著高于克101、克106及克108(P<0.05),巡天3号穗位比显著高于除德美亚1号及巡天6171外的其他品种(P<0.05);院军1号、巡天6171、巡天3号的各器官干物质比例分配均表现为茎+鞘>穗>叶,而克106、德美亚1号、克101的各器官干物质比例分配均表现为穗>茎+鞘>叶;巡天6171的鲜草产量达85.55 t/hm^2,极显著高于其他品种(P<0.01);院军1号干生物产量最高,为21.16 t/hm^2,极显著高于除巡天6171、巡天3号外其他品种(P<0.01)。院军1号的籽粒产量极显著高于其他5个品种(P<0.01),达7.61 t/hm^2。院军1号与克106品质符合《青贮玉米品质分级标准》(GB/T 25882—2010),为三级品质品种,其余品种不符合该标准,且院军1号的相对饲喂价值最高,为186.63%。说明院军1号为较适宜在冀西北坝上农牧交错区种植的品种。

In order to screen suitable silage maize varieties with drought resistance and barren resistance under natural conditions in the non-grain maize planting area of dam farming-pastoral ecotone in northwest Hebei Province,fourteen varieties of silage maize(Xunqing 518,Yuanjun 1,TH3912,Pingqingzhu 518,Xuntian 6171,Jidan 27,Xuantian 16,Xuantian 3,Ke 106,Ke 108,Ke 101,Dajingjiu 26,Yuqingzhu 23,Demeiya 1)with good performance from different areas were selected at this experiment and seeded on May 10,2018 and 2019,respectively.A randomized block design was adopted,three replicates were set up.The agronomic traits such as plant height,stem diameter and ear position ratio were measured at flowering stage.The silage corn was harvested before early frost(September 26 th),and the yield of fresh grass was measured.The water content and biological yield were calculated by drying and weight loss method,and the quality indexes such as crude protein,acid washing fiber,neutral washing fiber and starch content and relative feeding valve(RFV)were measured.The results showed that the water content of Yuanjun 1,Ke 106,Ke 108,Xuntian 6171,Xuntian 3,Demeiya 1 and Ke 101 were all in the range of 65%-75%,which met the harvesting standard of silage corn.In 2018,the plant height of Yuanjun 1 was significantly higher(P<0.01)than that of other varieties,the stem diameter of Xuntian 6171 was significantly larger(P<0.05)than that of other varieties,the spike height of Xuntian 3 was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of other cultivars except Demeiya 1.The dry matter proportion of organs of Yuanjun 1,Xuantian 6171 and Xuantian 3 were stem sheath>ear>leaves,while the dry matter proportion of organs of Ke106,Demeiya 1 and Ke101 were ear>stem sheath>leaves.The fresh grass yield of Xuntian 6171 was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01),reaching 85.45 t/hm^2.The dry biomass production of 1 in 2018(21.60 t/hm^2)is the highest,it significantly(P<0.01)higher than the other varieties.The grain yield of Yuanjun 1 was significantly higher than that of other 5 varieties(P<0.01),reaching 7.36 t/hm^2.In 2019,the plant height of Yuanjun 1 was significantly higher(P<0.01)than that of other varieties except Xuntian 3,the stem diameter of Xuntian 6171 was significantly higher(P<0.05)than that of Ke101,Ke106 and Ke108.The spike height of Xuntian 3 was significantly(P<0.05)higher than that of other cultivars except Demeiya 1 and Xuntian 6171.The dry matter proportion of organs of Yuanjun 1,Xuantian 6171 and Xuantian 3 were stem sheath>ear>leaves,while the dry matter proportion of organs of Ke106,Demeiya 1 and Ke101 were ear>stem sheath>leaves;the fresh grass yield of Xuntian 6171 was significantly higher than that of other varieties(P<0.01),reaching 85.55 t/hm^2;the dry biological yield of Yuanjun 1,reaching 21.16 t/hm^2,which was significantly(P<0.01)higher than that of other varieties except Xuntian 6171 and Xuntian 3,and its grain yield was was significantly higher than that of other 5 varieties(P<0.01),reaching 7.61 t/hm^2.The quality of Yuanjun 1 and Ke106 conforms to the national standard of《The quality grading standard of silage corn》(GB/T 25882-2010),which is the third-class quality variety,while the other varieties do not conform to the standard,and the RFV of Yuanjun 1 is the hightest,reaching 186.63%.The results indicated that Yuanjun 1 was a suitable cultivar in dam farming-pastoral zone in northwest Hebei Province.