米和食用淀粉中椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种污染调查与风险分析

Investigation and Risk Analysis of Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.farinofermentans from Rice and Edible Starch

通过调查我国南方部分省份食品工业中常用的米和食用淀粉中唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌污染情况,首次在进口碎米中分离鉴定出椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种,预警潜在风险。本研究在曾发生过米酵菌酸中毒事件的南方省份采集了129份样品,其中大米47份、碎米18份和食用淀粉64份,分别按照GB/T 4789.29-2003和GB 5009.189-2016检测唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌和米酵菌酸。研究结果表明,在4份进口碎米和1份国产碎米中分离鉴定出6株唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌,在碎米样品中的检出率为27.78%(5/18);经过产毒培养和毒性测试,其中4株菌株产毒素米酵菌酸,小白鼠经口灌胃毒素粗提取液后在24h内全部死亡,确证为椰毒假单胞菌酵米面亚种,均源自4份进口碎米,占进口碎米样品的23.53%(4/17),这4份进口碎米中有2份检出米酵菌酸。说明进口碎米存在安全风险,相关企业和监管部门应加强风险防控。

By investigating the contamination of Burkholderia gladioli in rice and edible starch which commonly used in the food industry in some provinces of southern China,it is the first time that Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.farinofermentans was isolated and identified from imported broken rice,which provided early warning of potential risk.In this study,129 samples including 47 rice,18 broken rice,64 edible starch were collected from southern provinces where“bongkrekic acid poisoning incident”had occurred.Burkholderia gladioli and bongkrekic acid were detected according to GB/T 4789.29-2003 and GB 5009.189-2016,respectively.The results showed that 6 strains of Burkholderia gladioli were isolated and identified from 4 imported broken rice and 1 domestic broken rice,and the detection rate in broken rice samples was 27.78%(5/18);through toxin-producing cultivation and toxicity test,4 strains produced bongkrekic acid.The mice all died within 24 hours after oral gavage of crude toxin extract.It was confirmed that the toxin was Pseudomonas cocovenenans subsp.farinofermentans,and all derived from 4 imported broken rice samples(two of them were detected with bongkrekic acid),accounting for 23.53%(4/17)of imported broken rice samples.It shows that there are safety risks in imported broken rice,and the relevant enterprises and regulatory authorities should strengthen the risk prevention and control.