新闻语篇中被动化的认知话语分析

A Cognitive-Discourse Analysis of Passivization in News Texts

尝试从一个新的视角——图形-背景理论阐释新闻语篇中被动化的意识形态意义。以凸显原则为基础的图形-背景理论,对被动化现象的信息强调的认知机制具有较强的解释力。被动化通过将受事置于主语位置使其凸显,或者通过后置施事使其凸显的方式再现了对某一及物性事件的认知视角,因而从认知层面提供了分析语篇意识形态的工具。被动化是新闻语篇中的常见表意手段。对中印主流媒体关于中印军队洞朗对峙事件的两篇新闻报道中被动化现象的认知分析发现,二者被动化凸显的对象具有相似性,但是隐含的意识形态意图各不相同:中媒语篇意在证明印军闯入锡金地区阻扰中国修建道路事件的违法性,而印媒语篇旨在通过直接和间接转述中方话语中的被动化,隐含其对中国的指责的反对态度,凸显印方无辜的形象。

This paper attempts to explain the ideological meanings of passivization in news texts from a new perspective—Figure-Ground Theory,which,based on the principle of prominence,provides a better explanation for the cognitive mechanism of information prominence in passivization.As it reproduces a certain cognitive perspective of a transitive event by way of either making the patient prominent by putting it on the position of subject or making the agent prominent by postpositioning it,passivization provides a good cognitive tool for analyzing ideologies in texts.Passivization is a frequently used meaning-making device in news texts.A cognitive analysis of passivization in two texts on the news event of the standoff between Chinese and Indian troops in Donglang from the Chinese and Indian mainstream medium finds that while passivization in both texts makes similar objects prominent,it brings different ideological intentions to the texts.The Chinese media text tries to prove that it is illegal for the Indian troops to obstruct China’s constructing roads in the Sikkim section,whereas the Indian media text aims to highlight the image of innocence of the Indian side by directly and indirectly reporting the passivilized utterances of the Chinese side to imply its opposition to China’s accusation.