2018年吉林省外卖食品中致病菌监测结果分析

Analysis of surveillance results of pathogenic bacteria in takeaway food in Jilin province in 2018

目的掌握吉林省各地区外卖食品中致病菌污染情况,为吉林省外卖食品行业安全监测管理提供参考依据。方法采集吉林省8个地区的830件外卖食品,依据GB4789.42-2016《食品安全国家标准食品微生物学检验》方法进行常见食源性致病菌检测,并对检测结果进行描述和分析。结果830件外卖食品共检出致病菌46株,检出率为5.54%,主要致病菌为蜡样芽孢杆菌。各地区间检出率比较差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=23.65,P=0.002),其中延边州的检出率最高13.75%;其次是白城市9.00%。蜡样芽孢杆菌在各类别食品中检出率差异具有统计学意义(χ^2=12.995,P=0.005),其他4种致病菌均无差异P<0.05,热菜食品污染最严重为8.80%,其次是米面制品6.43%;各季度之间总体检出率无差异(χ^2=2.496,P=0.476),第三季度污染最严重,检出率为14.29%。结论2018年吉林省外卖食品存在一定的安全隐患,致病菌污染最严重的地区是延边州,热菜食品污染最严重,主要由蜡样芽孢杆菌污染所致。提示食品安全监管部门应重点加强延边州外卖食品安全的管控,严格管理热菜生产加工各个环节,控制污染。

Objective To understand the contamination of pathogenic bacteria in takeaway food in various regions of Jilin province,and to provide a reference for the safety monitoring and management of takeaway food industry in Jilin province.Methods Total of 830 takeaway food items from 8 areas in Jilin province were collected and tested for common foodborne pathogenic bacteria according to GB 4789.42-2016 National food safety standard-Food microbiology test method,and the test results were described and analyzed.Results A total of 46 pathogens were detected in 830 takeaway foods,with the detection rate of 5.54%,and the main pathogen was Bacillus cereus.The difference in the detection rate between different regions was statistically significant(χ~2=23.65,P=0.002),and the detection rate in Yanbian prefecture was the highest at 13.75%,followed by Baicheng at 9.00%.Bacillus cereus was detected in various types of food,and the rate difference was statistically significant(χ~2=12.995,P=0.005),there was no difference among the other 4 pathogens,P<0.05,and the most serious pollution of hot dishes was 8.80%,followed by rice and noodle products 6.43%;there was no difference in the overall detection rate between the quarters(χ~2=2.496,P=0.476),and the pollution was the most serious in the third quarter,with a detection rate of 14.29%.Conclusion In 2018,there are certain hidden safety hazards in takeaway food in Jilin province,the area with the most serious pathogenic bacteria pollution is Yanbian prefecture,and the most serious pollution of hot vegetable food is mainly caused by Bacillus cereus contamination.It is remind that the food safety supervision department should focus on strengthening the control of the safety of takeaway food in Yanbian prefecture,strictly manage all links of hot vegetable production and processing,and control pollution.