“人工智能+教育”驱动下的教师知识结构重构——论融入伦理的AIPCEK框架及其发展模式

Reconstruction of Teachers’ Knowledge Structure Driven by “AI + Education”:The Framework of AIPCEK Integrated with Ethics and Its Development Model

人工智能(AI)技术的教育应用给教师教学带来前所未有的变革,从智能教学环境、“AI+教学法”的创新到教学内容表征形式的智能化,AI的影响日渐广泛,但同时也伴随一系列极具挑战性的伦理问题与伦理风险。进入智能化时代,教师扮演着新的角色并面临更加复杂的AI应用伦理问题,这需要重构教师的知识结构。为此,基于TPACK概念框架,将伦理知识作为一种新的教师知识构成要素引入,提出并构建了“AI+学科教学”伦理知识框架(AIPCEK),即教师的基本知识构成包括教学知识、学科知识、AI知识和伦理知识。在原有TPACK框架基础上,生成新的融入伦理的复合型知识形态:教学伦理知识(PEK)、学科伦理知识(CEK)、AI伦理知识(AIEK)、学科教学伦理知识(PCEK)、“AI+学科”伦理知识(AICEK)、“AI+教学”伦理知识(AIPEK)和“AI+学科教学”伦理知识(AIPCEK)。AIPCEK继承了伦理知识所具有的复杂性、情境性、实践性、协商建构性和多元化等特点,其发展模式有三种:AIPCEK发展的金字塔需求模型;基于在线实践社区的教师AIPCEK发展模式;基于项目驱动的AIPCEK发展模式。AIPCEK的提出,有助于揭示智能时代教师知识结构新的特点及伦理内涵,为教师专业发展提供理论基础,为教师的知识结构研究及教学实践,提供一种新的分析框架。

The educational application of artificial intelligence(AI)technology has brought unprecedented changes to teachers’teaching,from the intelligent teaching environment and the innovation of“AI+pedagogy”to the intelligentization of the representation form of teaching content.The influence of AI is increasingly extensive,but at the same time,it is accompanied by a series of extremely challenging ethical problems and ethical risks.In the era of intelligence,teachers play a new role and face more complex ethical problems in AI application,which requires the reconstruction of teachers’knowledge structure.Therefore,based on the conceptual framework of TPACK,ethical knowledge is introduced as a new component of teachers’knowledge,and AI+Pedagogical Content Ethics Knowledge Framework(AIPCEK)is proposed and constructed.In other words,the basic knowledge structure of teachers includes pedagogical knowledge,subject knowledge,AI knowledge and ethical knowledge.Based on the original TPACK framework,some compound knowledge integrated with ethics is newly generated:Pedagogical Ethics Knowledge(PEK),Content Ethics Knowledge(CEK),AI Ethics Knowledge(AIEK),Pedagogical Content Ethics Knowledge(PCEK),AI+Content Ethics Knowledge(AICEK),AI+Pedagogical Ethics Knowledge(AIPEK)and AI+Pedagogical Content Ethics Knowledge(AIPCEK).AIPCEK inherits the characteristics of ethical knowledge,which are complexity,contextuality,practicality,negotiation construction and diversification.There are three development models:the pyramid demand model of AIPCEK development;the teacher AIPCEK development model based on the online community of practice;AIPCEK development model based on project-driven.The proposal of AIPCEK is helpful to reveal the new characteristics and ethical connotation of teachers’knowledge structure in the intelligent era,provide a theoretical basis for teachers’professional development,and provide a new analytical framework for teachers’knowledge structure research and teaching practice.