中国环境分权对出口贸易的影响——基于地方政府竞争和环境规制的调节效应

The Impact of China's Environmental Decentralization on Export Trade:Based on Regulatory Effect of Local Government Competition and Environmental Regulation

地方政府通过扩大出口来实现经济增长的同时,又希望通过加强环境分权来实现环境保护目标,那么环境分权是否阻碍了地区的出口贸易?本文将环境分权与出口贸易纳入同一分析框架,利用2000—2015年31个省份的面板数据考察环境分权对中国出口贸易的影响。研究结果显示:环境分权对出口贸易具有显著且稳定的促进作用,将万人来信来访数量作为环境分权的工具变量,采用两阶段最小二乘法的估计结果仍然显著;分区域来看,环境分权对中国出口贸易的影响存在显著的区域异质性;分三项分解指标来看,环境行政分权、环境监察分权和环境监测分权对出口贸易均有不同程度的显著影响;分时间段来看,环境分权对出口贸易的影响在2008年前后存在明显差异。进一步研究发现,地方政府竞争和环境规制对环境分权促进出口贸易具有调节效应。基于此,本文从推进环境分权体制改革、制定差异化的地区环境治理政策、完善地方政府激励机制三个方面提出对策建议。

While local governments achieve economic growth by expanding exports,they also hope to achieve envi⁃ronmental protection goals by strengthening environmental decentralization.Does environmental decentralization hin⁃der regional export trade?Incorporating environmental decentralization and export trade into the same analysis frame⁃work,this paper examines the influence of environmental decentralization on export trade using the panel data of 31 provinces from 2000 to 2015.The results show that environmental decentralization promotes the increase of exports,taking the number of letters and visits of 10 thousand people as instrumental variable of environmental decentraliza⁃tion,the estimation results are still significant by using the 2SLS method.From regional perspective,the impact of en⁃vironmental decentralization on China's export trade has significant regional heterogeneity.According to the three de⁃composition indicators,environmental administrative decentralization,environmental supervision decentralization and environmental monitoring decentralization have significant effects on export trade.From the perspective of time division,the impact of environmental decentralization on export trade is significantly different before and after 2008.Further research shows that local government competition and environmental regulation have a regulatory effect on en⁃vironmental decentralization to promote import and export trade.Based on this,this paper puts forward countermea⁃sures and suggestions from three aspects:promoting the reform of environmental decentralization system,formulating differentiated regional environmental governance policies,and improving the incentive mechanism of local govern⁃ments.