试析《论语》中的为政思想

On Political Thoughts in Analects of Confucius

为政思想是《论语》中的一个非常重要的主题,涉及为政的根本原则、基本素养、基本措施、为政的本质和使命等众多方面。依据孔子一生的“作圣妙诀”,《论语》一书的为政思想也可以大体梳理为三个层次:一、正己化人。它揭示出为政者保持自身品德高尚和行为端正的优先重要性,是为政者对内修养自己德性的要求,着重体现的是儒家的“内圣”之道;二、参与政事。它既是对文人志士的学问修养的检验,也是他们内心仁德的具体落实与运用,着重于“外王”之道;三、治国理政。它要求一国之君做一个内外兼修、德才兼善的理想王者,着重于“内圣外王”之道。

Political thought is a very important theme in the Analects of Confucius,which involves the fundamental principles,basic qualities,basic measures,essence and mission of politics.According to Confucius’“magic formula of becoming saints”in his whole life,the political thought in the Analects of Confucius can also be roughly sorted into three levels:first,normalizing oneself.It reveals the priority importance of maintaining high moral character and correct behavior for political officials,which is the requirement for political officials to cultivate their own virtue internally,and mainly embodies the Confucian“internal saint”way;second,participating in political affairs.It is not only a test of scholars’knowledge and accomplishment,but also a concrete implementation and application of their inner benevolence and morality,focusing on the way of“external king”;third,governing state affairs.It requires the monarch of a country to be an ideal king with both internal and external cultivation and good morality and talent,focusing on the way of“internal saint and external king”.