中国沿边开发开放的历史演进与发展新特征

The Historical Evolution and New Characteristicsof Border Development and Opening-up in China

新时期,沿边地区正由边陲之地变为全方位对外开放格局的先手棋和排头兵,推动沿边地区进一步开放是新时期加速形成东西双向开放格局、构建国际国内双循环发展新格局的历史使命。沿边地区开发开放大致可分为审慎开放阶段(1949—1977年)、开放探索阶段(1978—1991年)、战略起步阶段(1992—2006年)、深入推进阶段(2007—2012年)和经略周边阶段(2013年至今)等5个阶段。从沿边省/区经济发展现状与特征、沿边开放城市发展现状与特征以及新时期沿边开发开放新特征3个方面进行分析,研究发现:沿边省(区)经济发展压力持续加剧,开发开放整体滞后;沿边开放城市经济建设成效显著,但发展成果并未很好惠及当地居民,且工业空心化特征进一步凸显;沿边开放通道加速健全,以经贸合作促动的科教合作与人文交流呈现稳定增长态势,沿边地区全省开放成为沿边开放发展的新特征。

In the new era,the border areas are transforming from border areas into pioneers and pioneers in all-round opening up.To further open the border areas to the international community is the historical mission of accelerating the formation of a pattern of east-west two-way opening up and building a new pattern of international and domestic double-cycle development in the new era.The development and opening up of the border areas can be roughly divided into five stages:prudent opening up(1949—1977),open exploration(1978—1991),strategic starting(1992—2006),in-depth advancing(2007—2012)and economic and strategic periphery(2013—present).This paper analyzes the economic development status and characteristics of border provinces/regions,the development status and characteristics of border open cities,and the new characteristics of border development and opening in the new period.The research finds that the economic development pressure of border provinces/regions continues to intensify,and the overall development and opening lags behind.The economic construction of open cities along the border has achieved remarkable results,but the development results have not benefited local residents well,and the hollowing out of industry has been further highlighted.Scientific and educational cooperation and cultural exchanges driven by economic and trade cooperation are showing a steady growth trend.The opening up of border provinces,autonomous regions and the whole province has become a new feature of the opening and development of border areas.