高寒荒漠区延后栽培葡萄品质分析

Berry quality analysis of grape under delayed cultivation in the alpine desert

为评价鲜食葡萄在高寒荒漠区延后栽培条件下的品质表现,以适应性较好的8个品种为研究对象,测定葡萄感官品质、内在品质、功效成分和糖酸品质,采用主成分分析法对果实品质进行综合分析和评价。结果表明,‘红地球’和‘紫地球’单果质量10 g以上,果粒大,能够保持原有的大果特征;无核品种较有核品种果粒小;8个品种果实果形指数均> 1,呈长椭圆形,除绿色品种外,果实着色较深;果皮颜色越深的品种,果皮花青素、类黄酮、总酚含量越高。2个无核品种(‘红宝石无核’和‘紫甜无核’)和‘红地球’可溶性固形物含量较高,在21%以上;糖酸组分及含量方面,果实中的糖分主要是果糖和葡萄糖,蔗糖未检出;酒石酸和苹果酸是主要有机酸,柠檬酸和草酸含量极微。酸甜风味方面,‘红宝石无核’口感最甜,其次为‘红地球’,‘瑞都香玉’和‘紫地球’口感较淡,‘摩尔多瓦’口感偏酸。通过主成分分析法提取了5个独立的主成分,累计贡献率87. 396%,以主成分为评价指标,对浆果品质进行综合评价,‘红宝石无核’、‘红地球’和‘玫瑰香’果实综合品质最好。

The quality of grape berries is greatly affected by the ecological environment.Under the delayed cultivation conditions in the alpine desert,the quality of berries is significantly different from that in open cultivation.The aim of this research is to verify and Compare the adaptability and quality performance of eight cultivars of table grape.It could provide a theoretical reference for the variety selection and quality identification of delay-cultivated grape in the alpine desert.Under the delayed cultivation conditions,the eight grape cultivars were preliminarily selected as the research object.The test cultivars were collected from the introduction greenhouses located in Tianzhu county.The experiment determined the berry sensory quality,intrinsic quality,efficacy components,sugar and organic acid composition and content.In order to improve the credibility of the analysis,the method of principal component analysis was adopted.The comprehensive quality of 8 cultivars were ranked according to the comprehensive scores.The results showed that,the fruit mass,vertical and horizontal diameter of‘Red Globe’and‘Zidiqiu’could maintain the original characteristics of large fruits.The berries of the seed cultivars were larger than the seedless.The fruit shape index of 8 cultivars was greater than 1,which were oval.Except for‘Ruidu Xiangyu’,the peel color of other cultivars was darker.The darker the peel,the higher the content of anthocyanins,flavonoids and total phenols.In terms of intrinsic quality and active ingredients,‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Zitian Seedless’,and‘Red Globe’had higher soluble solids content,with an average content of more than 21%.No sucrose was detected in berry of 8 cultivars.The sugar components were mainly fructose and glucose.Glucose content was slightly lower than fructose.The main organic acids were tartaric acid and malic acid,and the content of citric acid and oxalic acid were extremely small.Fruit sweetness value showed that the taste‘Ruby Seedless’was the sweetest,followed by‘Red Globe’,and the worst were‘Moldova’.Using the method of principal component analysis,the quality indexes were converted into 5 independent principal components,which cumulative contribution rate was 93.150%.‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Red Globe’and‘Muscat Hamburg’had the best comprehensive quality among the 8 cultivars.