急性白血病住院病人生活质量影响因素的调查分析及其护理对策

Investigation and analysis of factors affecting the quality of life in hospitalized patients with acute leukemia and its nursing strategies

目的:探讨急性白血病住院病人生活质量影响因素,为开展具有针对性的护理对策提供依据。方法:采用一般资料调查表、白血病生活质量评估量表(FACT-Leu)、Karnofsky身体功能状态量表(KPS)对2018年5月—2019年5月收治的100例急性白血病病人进行调查,以生活质量总分为应变量,对病人基础资料及疾病情况进行单因素方差分析及多因素Logistic回归分析。结果:急性白血病病人生活质量总分为(111.93±23.47)分,各维度中以社会/家庭情况维度评分最高,以功能情况评分最低,白血病特异模块评分为(44.01±11.58)分;单因素分析结果显示,年龄大、居住在城市、受教育程度高、收入高、处于维持治疗阶段、KPS评分高及近1周内未出现发热、感染及出血症状的病人生活质量评分较高,且与各组内其余病人情况比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,病人KPS评分、人均月收入、近1周内出现症状及所处治疗阶段是影响病人生活质量的主要因素。结论:急性白血病住院病人生活质量影响因素包括身体功能状态、人均月收入、近1周内出现症状及所处治疗阶段,护理人员应对其开展心理干预、预防感染、促进家属关心及护理等方式对病人进行干预,以促进其生活质量的提高。

Objective:To explore the influencing factors of quality of life in hospitalized patients with acute leukemia,and to provide evidence for targeted nursing strategies.Methods:The general information questionnaire,the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Leukemia(FACT-Leu),and the Karnofsky Performance Scale(KPS)were used to investigate 100 patients with acute leukemia in our hospital from May 2018 to May 2019.The basic quality of life was divided into the dependent variables.The one-way analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed on the basic data and disease conditions of the patients.Results:The total score of quality of life in patients with acute leukemia was(111.93±23.47).Among the dimensions,the social/family situation dimension had the highest score,the functional status score was the lowest,and the score of leukemia-specific module was(44.01±11.58).The results of univariate analysis showed that patients with elder age,living in the city,high education level,high income,maintained treatment,high KPS score and no fever,infection and bleeding symptoms in the past 1 week had higher scores of quality of life.And compared with other patients in each group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the KPS score,monthly income per capita,symptoms in the last week and the treatment stage were the main factors affecting the patient′s quality of life.Conclusions:The factors influencing the quality of life in hospitalized patients with acute leukemia include physical function status,monthly income per capita,symptoms and treatment stages in the past 1 week.Nursing staff should carry out psychological interventions,prevent infections,and promote family care and nursing to intervene patients to promote the improvement of their quality of life.