自组装纳米粒子在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展

Advances of self-assembled nanoparticles in tumor therapy

目前,肿瘤治疗手段呈现智能化、多样化和个性化等特征,但所使用的诊疗试剂常因水溶性、靶向性、稳定性以及多药耐药性等问题限制了它们在临床上的治疗效果。为弥补这些不足,纳米技术在生物医疗领域的应用被广泛研究。利用超分子自组装技术制备的纳米粒子最令人瞩目且具有独特优势,其中尺寸均一、易于合成、功能多样且可调、可功能导向设计的纳米药物,可用于提高肿瘤疗效。基于自组装前驱分子类型,本文从单组分、双组分和多组分等方面介绍自组装纳米粒子在肿瘤诊疗中的研究进展,讨论每一类材料的功能应用与设计思路。最后,阐述了自组装纳米粒子面临的相关挑战与机遇。

Theranostic approaches for tumor currently have the features of intelligence,diversification and personality.However,most therapeutic agents have poor water-solubility,targeting effect,stability and multi-drug resistance,which limit their clinical therapeutic effect.To overcome these disadvantages,nanotechnology has been widely applied in biomedicines.Nanoparticles prepared by supramolecular self-assembly technology are remarkable and have many unique advantages of uniform size,easy to synthesize,versatility,function-directed nanostructure design,which can promote the tumor therapy efficacy.Based on the type of self-assembled basic units,this paper introduced the advances of self-assembled nanoparticles in tumor therapy from the aspects of one-component,two-component and multi-component.And the application and design of each kind of nanomaterials were also discussed.Finally,the challenges and opportunities faced by self-assembled nanoparticles were further described.